Abstract
Notwithstanding the contribution of many prior works in tremor (Elble and Koller 1990; Findley and Koller 1994), a clear consensus of its origin and pathogenesis among the scientific community is still lacking. The prevalent opinion supports the idea that the main source of tremor is from central neural oscillators located in brain (central tremor), but the peripheral nervous system may also have a significant contribution in some cases (peripheral tremor) (see also the Chap. 6; Stein and Oguztoreli 1976; Wenderoth and Bock 1999).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bay JS, Hemami H. Modeling of a neural pattern generator with coupled nonlinear oscillators. IEEE Biomed Eng. 1987;34:297–306.
Beuter A, Edwards R, Titcombe MS. Data analysis and mathematical model of human tremor. In: Beuter A, Glass L, Mackey MC, Titcombe MS, editors. Nonlinear dynamics in physiology and medicine. New York: Springer; 2003. p. 303–50.
Bock O, Wenderoth N. Dependence of peripheral tremor on mechanical perturbations: A modeling study. Biol Cybern. 1999;80:103–8.
Dideriksen JL, Enoka RM, Farina D. A model of the surface electromyogram in pathological tremor. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2011;58:2178–85.
Ekeberg O. A combined neuronal and mechanical model of fish swimming. Biol Cybern. 1993;69:363–74.
Elble RJ, Koller WC. Tremor. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1990.
Ferrarin M, Palazzo F, Riener R, Quintern J. Model-based control of FES-induced single joint movements. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng. 2001;9:245–57.
Findley LJ, Koller WC. Handbook of tremor disorders. London: Informa Health Care; 1994.
Fukumoto I. Computer simulation of Parkinsonian tremor. J Biomed Eng. 1986;8:49–55.
Happee R. Inverse dynamic optimization including muscular dynamics, a new simulation method applied to goal directed movements. J Biomech. 1994;27:953–60.
He J, Maltenfort MG, Wang Q, Hamm TM. Learning from biological system: Modeling neural control. IEEE Control Syst Mag. 2001;21(4):55–69.
Heckman CJ, Binder MD. Computer simulation of the steady state input–output function of the cat medial gastrocnemius motoneuron pool. J Neurophysiol. 1991;65:952–67.
Hidler JM, Ryme WZ. Limit cycle behavior in spasticity: Analysis and evaluation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2000;47(12):1565–75.
Hidler JM, Ryme WZ. A simulation study of reflex instability: Origins of clonus. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1999;7(3):327–40.
Hill AV. The heat of shortening and dynamic constants of muscle. Proc R Soc Lond Biol. 1938;159:136–95.
Houk JC, Rymer WZ, Crago PE. Dependence of dynamic response of spindle receptors on muscle length and velocity. J Neurophysiol. 1981;46:143–66.
Hulliger M. The mammalian muscle spindle and its central control. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;101:1–110.
Huxley AF. Muscle structure and theories of contraction. Prog Biophys Biophys Chem. 1957;7:257–318.
Ijspeert A. Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review. Neural Netw. 2008;21:642–53.
Jobges EM, Elek J, Rollnik JD, Dengler R, Wolf W. Vibratory proprioceptive stimulation affects Parkinsonian tremor. Parkinsonism Related Disord. 2002;8:171–6.
Lemay MA, Crago PE. A dynamic model for simulating movements of the elbow, forearm, and wrist. J Biomech. 1996;29:1319–30.
Lin CK, Crago PE. Structural model of the muscle spindle. Ann Biomed Eng. 2002a;30:68–83.
Lin CK, Crago PE. Neural and mechanical contributions to the stretch reflex: A model synthesis. Ann Biomed Eng. 2002b;30:56–67.
Matsuoka K. Sustained oscillations generated by mutually inhibiting neurons with adaption. Biol Cybern. 1985;52:367–76.
Mones R, Weiss A. The response of tremor patients with parkinsonism to peripheral stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1969;32:512–8.
Ogihara N, Yamazaki N. Generation of human bipedal locomotion by a bio-mimetic neuro-musculo-skeletal model. Biol Cybern. 2001;84:1–11.
Oguztoreli MN, Stein RB. The effects of multiple reflex pathways on the oscillations in neuro-muscular systems. J Math Biol. 1976;3:87–101.
Pandy MG. Computer modelling and simulation of human movement. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;3:245–73.
Powers RK, Binder MD. Summation of effective synaptic currents and firing rate modulation in cat spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol. 2000;83:483–500.
Prochazka A, Gorassini M. Ensemble firing of muscle spindle afferents recorded during normal locomotion in cats. J Physiol. 1998;507:293–304.
Prochazka A, Gillard D, Bennett DJ. Positive force feedback control of muscles. J Neurophysiol. 1997a;77:3226–36.
Prochazka A, Gillard D, Bennett DJ. Implications of positive feedback in the control of movement. J Neurophysiol. 1997b;77:3237–51.
Riener R, Fuhr T. Patient-driven control of FES-supported standing up: A simulation study. IEEE Trans Rehab Eng. 1998;6(2):113–24.
Santillan M, Pereza RH, Lezama RD. A numeric study of the noise-induced tremor in a mathematical model of the stretch reflex. J Theoret Biol. 2003;222:99–115.
Smirnov DA, Barnikol UB, Barnikol TT, Bezruchko BP, Hauptmann C, Buhrle C, Maarouf M, Sturm V, Freund HJ, Tass PA. The generation of Parkinsonian tremor as revealed by directional coupling analysis. Europhys Lett. 2008;83:20003.
Song D, Lan N, Loeb GE, Gordon J. Model-based sensorimotor integration for multi-joint control: Development of a virtual arm model. Ann Biomed Eng. 2008;36:1033–48.
Stein RB, Oguztoreli MN. Tremor and other oscillations in neuromuscular systems. Biol Cybern. 1976;22:147–57.
Strogatz SH. Nonlinear dynamics and chaos. 1st ed. Boulder: Westview; 2001.
Wenderoth N, Bock O. Load dependence of simulated central tremor. Biol Cybern. 1999;80:285–90.
Windhorst U. Activation of Renshaw cells. Prog Neurobiol. 1990;35:135–79.
Zajac FE. Muscle and tendon: Properties, model, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. CRC Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1989;17:359–411.
Zhang DG, Poignet P, Bo A, Ang WT. Exploring peripheral mechanism of tremor on neuromusculoskeletal model: A general simulation study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009;56:2359–69.
Zhang DG, Poignet P, Widjaja F, Ang WT. Neural oscillator based control for pathological tremor suppression via functional electrical stimulation. Control Eng Practice. 2011;19:74–88.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, D., Ang, W.T. (2013). Musculoskeletal Models of Tremor. In: Grimaldi, G., Manto, M. (eds) Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies in Tremor Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4027-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4027-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4026-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4027-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)