Abstract
Vegetables form a large and economically important commodity group comprising a wide range of genera and species. Depending on the crop, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit are consumed raw, cooked, steamed, fried or pickled. World production of vegetables and melons comprising 27 distinct commodities reached over one billion tonnes in 2009. The ten major commodities contributing to this impressive output were: fresh vegetables, not elsewhere specified; tomatoes; watermelons; dry onion; cabbages and other brassicas; cucumbers and gherkins; eggplants; carrots and turnips; green chilies and peppers, and other melons, including cantaloupes. Asia is the largest vegetable producer worldwide with China alone producing close to 52 % of world output, followed by India with 9.2 % of global production. Considering a significant overlap of crops with multiple uses, as vegetables, grains, food legumes and fibers, about one million accessions of crops used at least partially as vegetables are conserved ex situ worldwide. In a narrow sense of exclusive use of crops as vegetables, about 500,000 accessions of vegetables representing 7 % of the globally held 7.4 million accessions of plant genetic resources are maintained ex situ. Tomatoes, capsicums, melons and cantaloupe, brassicas, cucurbits, alliums, okra, and eggplant are well represented in ex situ collections at the global level, with a range between 84,000 and 22,000 accessions per vegetable group. As genetic erosion continues in situ for various reasons, complementary collecting efforts should be made with a major focus on crop wild relatives and poorly represented cultivated forms of some vegetable groups such as those described for the genera Brassica and Capsicum in this chapter. AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center plays a major role in the conservation, breeding and distribution of vegetable germplasm worldwide. The Center maintains about 58,000 accessions of vegetable germplasm, representing 170 genera and 434 species. Major vegetable crop groups, including the genera Allium, Brassica, Raphanus, Capsicum, Solanum section Lycopersicon, as well as African and Asian eggplant of the genus Solanum are briefly described in this chapter.
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Appendix
Appendix
1.1 Abbreviations
AICRP-Mullarp | All India Coordinated Research Project on Mullarp (India) |
AICRP-Soybean | All India Coordinated Research Project on Soybean (India) |
ATFCC | Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection (Australia) |
AVRDC | AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center (former Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center [Taiwan]) |
BCA | Bunda College of Agriculture (Malawi) |
BGUPV | Generalidad Valenciana, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Banco de Germoplasma (Spain) |
BINA | Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture |
BJRI | Bangladesh Jute Research Institute |
BVRC | Beijing Vegetable Research Centre (China) |
CATIE | Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (Costa Rica) |
CENARGEN | Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Brazil) |
CGIAR | Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research |
CGN | Centre for Genetic Resources (Netherlands) |
CIAT | Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (Columbia) |
CNPAF | Embrapa Arroz e Feijão (Brazil) |
CNPH | Embrapa Hortaliças (Brazil) |
CNPSO | Embrapa Soja (Brazil) |
DAR | Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture (Botswana) |
DGCB-UM | Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, University Malaya (Malaysia) |
DOA | Department of Agriculture, Papua New Guinea University of Technology |
EWS R&D | East West Seed Research and Development Division (Bangladesh) |
FCRI-DA/TH | Field Crops Research Institute – Department of Agriculture (Thailand) |
GEVES | Unité Expérimentale de Sophia-Antipolis, Groupe d’Étude et de Sophia-Antiopolis contróle des Variétés et des Semences (France) |
IAC | Instituto Agronómico de Campinas (Brazil) |
ICA/REGION 5 | Centro de Investigación El Mira, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario El Mira (Colombia) |
ICGR-CAAS | Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China) |
IDESSA | Institut des Savanes (Cóte d’Ivoire) |
IDI | International Dambala (Winged Bean) Institute (Sri Lanka) |
IGB | Israel Gene Bank for Agricultural Crops, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Centre |
IITA | International Institute of Tropical Agriculture |
INIFAP | Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (Mexico) |
IPB-UPLB | Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) (Philippines) |
IPK (DEU146) | Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (Germany) |
LBN | National Biological Institute (Indonesia) |
NBPGR (IND001) | National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (India) |
NBPGR (IND063) | Regional Station Hyderabad, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (India) |
NBPGR (IND064) | Regional Station Jodhpur, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (India) |
NC7 | North Central Regional Plant introduction Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services |
NE9 | Northeast Regional Plant Introduction Station, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University |
NIAS | National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (Japan) |
NRCOG | National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic (India) |
ORSTOM-MONTP | Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, ORSTOM (France) |
PGRC | Plant Genetic Resources Centre (Sri Lanka) |
PGRI | Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Pakistan) |
RBG | Millennium Seed Bank Project, Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place (United Kingdom) |
RCA | Institute for Agrobotany (Hungary) |
RDAGB-GRD | Genetic Resources Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration (Republic of Korea) |
RIPV | Research Institute of Potato and Vegetables (Kazakhstan) |
S9 | Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Southern Regional Plant Introduction Station, University of Georgia, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services |
SASA | Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture, Scottish Government (United Kingdom) |
SOY | Soybean Germplasm Collection, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services |
TARI | Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute |
TROPIC | Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Czech University of Agriculture (Czech Republic) |
TSS-PDAF | Taiwan Seed Service, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry (Taiwan) |
UNSAAC/CICA | Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (Peru) |
UzRIPI | Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry (Uzbekistan) |
VIR | N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Industry (Russian Federation) |
W6 | Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Washing State University |
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Ebert, A.W. (2013). Ex Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources of Major Vegetables. In: Normah, M., Chin, H., Reed, B. (eds) Conservation of Tropical Plant Species. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3776-5_16
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