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Potassium and the Dyskalemias

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Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance

Abstract

Potassium (K+) is the most abundant monovalent mineral in the body and the major intracellular cation. Only about 2 % of total body K+ is extracellular and maintenance of a proper ratio of K+ concentration across the cell membrane is required for many cellular processes. Ion channels selective for K+ dominate the resting permeability of most cells, so this ratio is also the main determinant of the resting membrane potential, which is especially critical for normal function of nerve, muscle, and the cardiac conduction system. Overall K+ balance is accomplished through mechanisms that involve transfer of ingested K+ into cells (internal K + homeostasis) and transport of K+ out of the body (external K + homeostasis), the latter primarily via the kidney. This chapter reviews the cellular and molecular physiology of potassium homeostasis, the pathophysiology of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, and the diagnosis and clinical management of the dyskalemias.

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  1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect St., Burlington, VT, 05401, USA

    Alan Segal M.D.

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  1. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, VA Boston Healthcare System, Blackfan Circle 4, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    David B. Mount

  2. Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Francis Street 75, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Mohamed H. Sayegh

  3. Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Francis Street 75, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Ajay K. Singh

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Segal, A. (2013). Potassium and the Dyskalemias. In: Mount, D., Sayegh, M., Singh, A. (eds) Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3770-3_3

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