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Prerequisite Genetic Traits for Metastasis

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Experimental and Clinical Metastasis

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Abstract

The genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in tumors influence the metastatic traits of disseminated cells by activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. Tumor-suppressor genes affect genome stability, cancer-cell survival and growth while also being involved in the response and repair of DNA. They are a part of the prerequisites for metastasis and determine initiation and continuous development of the oncogenic process resulting in unrestricted proliferation and resistance to cell death signals. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes can occur through various mechanisms such as loss of heterozygosity and chromosomal damage as well as by genetic mutations and epigenetic mechanisms such as promoter hypermethylation (Nguyen and Massague 2007; Eccles 2005). The amplification and mutation of oncogenes in primary tumors, together with the selective pressures of the tumor microenvironment play a key role in the formation of metastasis (Bernards and Weinberg 2002).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    NIH’s ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) and ClinicalTrialsFeeds.org (http://www.clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/) web sites.

  2. 2.

    NIH’s ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) and ClinicalTrialsFeeds.org (http://www.clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/) web sites.

  3. 3.

    (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/)

  4. 4.

    NIH’s ClinicalTrials.gov. Available from (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) and ClinicalTrialsFeeds.org (http://www.clinicaltrialsfeeds.org/) web sites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Dana Faingold M.D., PhD & Silvin Bakalian M.D., M.D.

  2. Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Dawn Russell-Hermanns M.D.

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  1. Dana Faingold M.D., PhD
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  2. Dawn Russell-Hermanns M.D.
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  3. Silvin Bakalian M.D., M.D.
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Correspondence to Dana Faingold M.D., PhD .

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  1. Centre for Genomic Regulation, N/A, Barcelona, N/A, Spain

    Julia V. Burnier

  2. , Ophthalmology, Pathology, Medicine & Onc, McGill University Health Centre, University Street 3775, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Québec, Canada

    Miguel N. Burnier, Jr.

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Faingold, D., Russell-Hermanns, D., Bakalian, S. (2013). Prerequisite Genetic Traits for Metastasis. In: Burnier, J., Burnier, Jr., M. (eds) Experimental and Clinical Metastasis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3685-0_27

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