Abstract
Drug delivery is the method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. Most common routes of administration include the preferred non-invasive peroral (through the mouth), topical (skin), transmucosal (nasal, buccal/sublingual, vaginal, ocular and rectal) and inhalation routes. Current effort in the area of drug delivery include the development of targeted delivery in which the drug is only active in the target area of the body (for example, in cancerous tissues) and sustained release formulations in which the drug is released over a period of time in a controlled manner from a formulation. This is achieved by combining electroporation with the input of drugs at a location. This paper reviews the process of electroporation and then further discusses the electrochemotherapy, one of the most upcoming application of electroporation in biotechnology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Miklavĉiĉ D, Serŝa G (1998) Intrinsic sensitivity of tumor cells to bleomycin as an indicator of tumor response to electrochemotherapy. Jpn J Cancer Res 89:328–333
Serŝa G (2000) Electrochemotherapy. In: Jaroszeski MJ, Heller R, Gilbert R (eds) Electrochemotherapy, electrogenetherapy, and transdermal drug delivery: electrically mediated delivery of molecules to cells (methods in molecular medicine). Humana Press, Totowa, pp 119–133
Serŝa G, Novaković S, Miklavĉiĉ D (1993) Potentiation of bleomycin antitumor effectiveness by electrotherapy. Cancer Lett 69:81–84
Miklavĉiĉ D, Kotnik T (2004) Electroporation for electrochemotherapy and gene therapy. In: Markov MS (ed) Bioelectromagnetic medicine. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 637–656
Mir LM, Orlowski S, Belehradek J, Paoletti C (1991) Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumour effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses. Eur J Cancer 27:68–72
Mir LM, Orlowski S, Belehradek JJ, Teissié J, Rols M, Serŝa G, Miklavĉiĉ D, Gilbert R, Heller R (1995) Biomedical applications of electric pulses with special emphasis on antitumor electrochemotherapy. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 38:203–207
Serŝa G, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Miklavĉiĉ D (1995) Antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cisdiamminedichloroplatinum(II) in mice. Cancer Res 55:3450–3455
Glass LF, Fenske NA, Jaroszeski M, Perrott R, Harvey DT, Reintgen DS, Heller R (1996) Bleomycin-mediated electrochemotherapy of basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 34:82–86
Gothelf A, Mir LM, Gehl J (2003) Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of bleomycin by electroporation. Cancer Treat Rev 20:1–17
Kranjc S, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Grosel A, Sentjurc M, Serŝa G (2005) Radiosensitising effect of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin in LPB sarcoma cells and tumors in mice. BMC Cancer 5:15
Tozon N, Kodre V, Serŝa G, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M (2005) Effective treatment of perianal tumors in dogs with electrochemotherapy. Anticancer Res 25:839–946
Snoj M, Rudolf Z, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Jancar B, Serŝa G (2005) Successful sphincter-saving treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma with electrochemotherapy, local excision and adjuvant brachytherapy. Anti-Cancer Drugs 16:345–348
Serŝa G, Stabuĉ B, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Miklavĉiĉ D, Rudolf Z (2000) Electrochemotherapy with cisplatin: the systemic antitumour effectiveness of cisplatin can be potentiated locally by the application of electric pulses in the treatment of malignant melanoma skin metastases. Melanoma Res 10:381–385
Neumann E (1989) The relaxation hysteresis of membrane electroporation. In: Neumann E, Sowers AE, Jordan CA (eds) Electroporation and electrofusion in cell biology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 61–82
Pohl HA (1978) Dielectrophoresis, the behavior of matter in non-uniform electric fields. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zimmermann U (1982) Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena. Biochim Biophys Acta 694:227–277
Dimitrov DS (1995) Electroporation and electrofusion of membranes. In: Lipowsky R, Sackmann E (eds) Handbook of physics of biological systems, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 854–895
Chang, DC, Chassy, BM, Saunders, JA, Sowers , AE (eds) (1992) Guide to electroporation and electrofusion. Academic Press, San Diego
Kotnik T, Miklavĉiĉ D, Slivnik T (1998) Time course of transmembrane voltage induced by time-varying electric fields a method for theoretical analysis and its application. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 45:3–16
Neumann E, Rosenheck K (1972) Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes. J Membr Biol 10:279–290
Rosenheck K, Lindner P, Pecht I (1975) Effect of electric fields on light-scattering and fluorescence of chromaffin granules. J Membr Biol 20:1–12
Zimmermann U, Schulz J, Pilwat G (1973) Transcellular ion flow in Escherichia coli B and electrical sizing of bacterias. Biophys J 13(10):1005–1013
Kinosita K, Tsong TY (1977) Formation and resealing of pores of controlled sizes in human erythrocyte membrane. Nature 268:438–441
Zimmermann U, Vienken J, Pilwat G (1980) Development of drug carrier systems: electric field induced effects in cell membranes. J Electroanal Chem 116:553–574
Kinosita K, Tsong TY (1977) Voltage-induced pore formation and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 471:227–242
Abidor IG, Arakelyan VB, Chernomordik LV, Chizmadzhev YA, Pastushenko VF, Tarasevich MR (1979) Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: I. The main experimental facts and their qualitative discussion. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 6:37–52
Chernomordik LV, Sukharev SI, Abidor IG, Chizmadzhev YA (1983) Breakdown of lipid bilayer membranes in an electric field. Biochim Biophys Acta 736:203–213
Glaser RW, Leikin SL, Chernomordik LV, Pastushenko VF, Sokirko AI (1988) Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayers: formation and evolution of pores. Biochim Biophys Acta 940:275–287
Schwister K, Deuticke B (1985) Formation and properties of aqueous leaks induced in human erythrocytes by electrical breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta 816:332–348
Chang DC, Reese TS (1990) Changes in membrane structure induced by electroporation as revealed by rapid-freezing electron microscopy. Biophys J 58:1–12
Kinosita K Jr, Hibino M, Itoh H, Shigemori M, Hirano K, Kirinoand Y, Hayakawa T (1992) Events of membrane electroporation visualized on a time scale from microsecond to seconds. In: Chang DC, Chassy BM, Saunders JA, Sowers AE (eds) Guide to electroporation and electrofusion. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 29–46
Hibino M, Itoh H, Kinosita KJ (1993) Time courses of cell electroporation as revealed by submicrosecond imaging of transmembrane potential. Biophys J 64:1789–1800
Neu JC, Krassowska W (1999) Asymptotic model of electroporation. Phys Rev E 59:3471–3482
Weaver JC (1993) Electroporation a general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues. J Cell Biochem 51:426–435
Gehl J (2008) Electroporation for drug and gene delivery in the clinic. In: Shulin L (ed) Electroporation protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 351–359
Gregor S (2007) Electrochemotherapy in treatment of solid tumours in cancer patients. In: 11th Mediterranean conference on medical and biomedical engineering and computing 2007 IFMBE proceedings, vol 16, pp 614–617
Jaroszeski MJ, Gilbert R, Heller R (2000) Methods in molecular medicine: electrochemotherapy, electrogenetherapy, and transdermal drug delivery electrically mediated delivery of molecules to cells. Humana Press, Totowa
Serŝa G, Cema\(\hat{\rm z}\)ar M, Semrov D, Miklavĉiĉ D (1996) Changing electrode orientation improves the efficacy of electrochemotherapy of solid tumours in mice. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 39:61–66
Ramirez L, Orlowski S, An D, Bindoula G, Dzodic R, Ardouin P, Bognel C, Belehradek J, Munck JN, Mir LM (1998) Electrochemotherapy on liver tumours in rabbits. Br J Cancer 77:2104–2111
Orlowski S, An D, Belehradek J, Mir LM (1998) Antimetastatic effect of electrochemotherapy and histoincompatible interleukin-2-secreting cells in murine Lewis lung tomour. Anticancer drugs 9:551–556
Budak-Alpdogan T, Banerjee D, Bertino JR (2005) Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with drug resistance genes: an update. Cancer Gene Ther 12:849–863
Scott-Taylor TH, Pettengell R, Clarke I, Stuhler G, Barthe MCL, Walden P, Dalgleish AG (2000) Human tumour and dendritic cell hybrids generated by electrofusion: potential for cancer vaccines. Biochim Biophys Acta 1500:265–267
Orentas R, Schauer D, Bin Q, Johnson BD (2001) Electrofusion of a weakly immunogenic neuroblastoma with dendritic cells produces a tumor vaccine. Cell Immunol 213:4–13
Schmidt E, Leinfelder U, Gessner P, Zillikens D, Brocker EB, Zimmermann U (2001) CD19+ B lymphocytes are the major source of human antibody-secreting hybridomas generated by electrofusion. J Immunol Methods 255:93–102
Gaynor P, Wells DN, Oback B (2005) Couplet alignment and improved electrofusion by dielectrophoresis for a zona-free high-throughput cloned embryo production system. Med Biol Eng Comput 43:150–154
Prausnitz MR, Bose VG, Langer R, Weaver JC (1993) Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10504–10508
Vanbever R, Lecouturier N, Preat V (1994) Transdermal delivery of metoprolol by electroporation. Pharmacol Res 11:1657–1662
Mouneimne Y, Tosi PF, Barhoumi R, Nicolau C (1992) Electroinsertion: an electrical method for protein implantation into cell membranes. In: Chang DC, Chassy BM, Saunders JA, Sowers AE (eds) Guide to electroporation and electrofusion. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 327–346
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Talele, S. (2013). Drug Delivery by Electroporation: Review. In: Sobh, T., Elleithy, K. (eds) Emerging Trends in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 151. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_48
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3557-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3558-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)