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Towards Estimating Entrainment Fraction for Dust Layers

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Fire ((BRIEFSFIRE))

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Abstract

Aerodynamic forces acting on a dust layer can dislodge particles or clumps of particles from the layer and set them into motion. The entrainment of dust layers occurs in various modes or their combinations. Powders demonstrating negligible cohesion1 tend to be removed as individual particles. More cohesive powders are removed as groups of particles (agglomerates), and sometimes, depending on layer and surface properties, appreciable portions of the layer can be lifted as a whole.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Conventionally, the word cohesion refers to the attraction force between two surfaces of the same material (such as the dust particles), whereas adhesion implies different materials (such as dust particle attracted to a plate)

  2. 2.

    The separation distance is usually not a directly measurable quantity for dusts, and assumptions for its value range typically from 0.4 to 1.0 nm.

  3. 3.

    In the literature, three parameters are used commonly to characterize the flow conditions near the wall: wall shear stress, τ w, velocity gradient, γ; and friction velocity, uτ (or u*). These three parameters are uniquely related to each other through the following relationship: τ w = μ γ = ρ uτ 2 = ρ u* 2

  4. 4.

    This is a Russian designation of surface roughness which corresponds to asperity height of 40 microns (1600 micro-inch).

  5. 5.

    Loess is an unstratified, usually buff to yellowish brown, loamy deposit found in North America, Europe, and Asia and is believed to be chiefly deposited by the wind.

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    Erdem A. Ural

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Ural, E.A. (2011). Literature Review. In: Towards Estimating Entrainment Fraction for Dust Layers. SpringerBriefs in Fire. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3372-9_2

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