Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews the state of art on the conversion of biomass to biofuels by gasification followed by the gas to liquid conversion of biosyngas via Fischer–Tropsch and related syntheses. An integrated process to produce heat, electricity, or fuel by gasification and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is analyzed. The present state of gasification reactor technology is outlined. The strategies for syn-gas cleanup are delineated. The catalysis and processes for methanol, Fischer–Tropsch, and isosynthesis are briefly evaluated. Finally, various approaches to an integrated process design depending on the desired end results (heat, electricity, or fuel) and the associated economics for each approach are outlined and briefly discussed.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
IEA (2005) Clean Coal Center, Fuels for biomass co-firing, ISBN 92-9029-418-3
IEA (1999): World energy outlook, ISBN 92-64-17140-1, p 225
Olah GA, Geoppart A, Surya Prakash GK (2006) Beyond oil and gas: the methanol economy. Wiley-VCH Verlah Gmbh & Co, KGaA, Weinheim
EPA chart (2007) Greenhouse gas impacts of expanded and renewable and alternate fuels use, EPA420-F-07-035, April, 2007
Anderson RB (1956) Catalysis for FT reactions. In: “Catalysis” Emmett P (ed), vol 4., Rheinhold, New York, NY, p 1
NETL, personal communication (2009)
Storch HH, Golumbic N, Anderson RB (1951) The Fischer-Tropsch and related synthesis. Wiley, New York, NY
Van Herwijnen T, Van Doesburg H, Djong WA (1973) Kinetics of the methanation of CO and CO2 on a nickel catalyst. J Catal 28:391
Cybulski A (1994) Liquid-phase methanol synthesis: catalysts, mechanism, kinetics, chemical equilibria, vapor-liquid equilibria, and modeling—a review. Catal Rev Sci Eng 36(4):557–615
Lee S (1990) Methanol synthesis technology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Klier K (1982) Methanol Synthesis. Adv Catal 31:243–313
Sawant A, Parameswaran V, Lee Sand Kulik CJ (1987) In-situ reduction of a methanol synthesis catalyst in a three phase slurry reactor. Fuel Sci and Tech Int 5(1):77–88
Chinchen GC, Mansfield K, Spenser MS (1990) Methanol synthesis; how does it work? CHEMTECH 29(11):692–699
Lee S (2006) Methanol synthesis from syngas. In: Lee S, Speight JG, Loyalka SK (eds) Hand book of alternate fuel technologies (chapter 9). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Storch HH, Golumbic N, Anderson RB (1951) The Fischer-Tropsch and related synthesis. Wiley, New York, NY, p 437
Dalla Beta RA, Piken AG, Shelef M (1974) Heterogeneous methanation: initial rate of CO hydrogenarion on supported ruthenium and nickel. J Catal 35:54–60
Obernberger I, Thek G (2002) Physical characterization and chemical composition of Densifiedbiomass fuels with regard to their combustion behaviour. In: Proceedings of the first world conference on Pellets, Stockholm, Sweden
Boerrigter H, Van der Drift A. Van Ree R (2005) Biosyngas; markets, production technologies, and production concepts for biomass-based syngas. ECN-report, Petten, The Netherlands, ECN-CX-04-013 (2004); also ECN Biomass presentation at 1st International Biorefinery workshop, Washington, D.C. July 20–21 (2005)
Storch HH, Golumbic N, Anderson RB (1951) The Fischer-Tropsch and related synthesis. Wiley, New York, NY, p 439
Storch HH, Golumbic N, Anderson RB (1951) The Fischer-Tropsch and related synthesis. Wiley, New York, NY, p 314
Herrington EFG, Woodward LA (1939) H2S effect on cobalt-thoria-kieselguhr catalyst for isosynthesis. Trans Faraday Soc 35:958–967
Storch HH, Golumbic N, Anderson RB (1951) The Fischer-Tropsch and related synthesis. Wiley, New York, NY, p 315
Laynes ET (to Hydrocarbon Research Inc.) (1948) U.S. Patent No. 2,445,426 (Aug 1948)
Pichler H Ziesecke HH (1950) The isosynthesis (transl by Brinkley R, Golumbic N) Bur Mines Bull, p 488
Pichler H, Ziesecke HH (1949) Isosynthesis by reduced oxide catalysts-part I. Berninst Chem 30:13–22
Pichler H, Ziesecke HH, Titzenthaler E (1949) Isosynthesis by reduced oxide catalysts-part II. Berninst Chem 30:333–347
Pichler H, Ziesecke HH, Traeger B (1950) Isosynthesis by reduced oxide catalysts-part III. Berninst Chem 31:361–374
Shah YT, Perrota A (1976) Catalysts for Fischer Tropsch and Isosynthesis. Ind Eng Prod Res Dev 15(2):123
Sastri MVC, Balaji Gupta R, Viswanathan B (1974) Interaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on cobalt catalysts, (Part II). J Catalysis 32:325
Shah YT, Gardner T. Biomass Torrefaction: Applications in Renewable Energy and Fuels. A chapter in Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, NY (in Press).
van der Drift A, Boerrigter H, Coda B, Cieplik MK, Hemmes K (April, 2004) Entrained flow gasification of biomass: ash behavior, feeding issues, system analysis, Energy Research Center of the Netherland (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, report C-04-039, p 58
Bergman PCA, Kiel JHA (2005) Torrefaction for biomass upgrading, published at 14 European biomass conference and exhibition, Paris, France, 17–21 Oct 2005; also report ECNRX-05-1 80,1-08
Bergman PCA, Boersma AR, Kiel JMA, Prins MJ, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen FJJG (2005) Torrefactionfor entrained flow gasification of biomass In: Van Swaaij WPM et al (ed) Proceedings of 2nd world biomass for energy industry and climate protection, Italy, 10–14 May 2004, p 679–682, also report ECN-C-05-026, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands
Bergman PCA (2005) ECN report ECN-c-05-073, Petten, The Netherlands, p 29
Bergman PCA, Boersma AR, Kiel JHA (2004) ECN-RX-04-029, p 78–82
Park CS, Hackett C, Norbeck JM (2005) Synthetic diesel fuel production from carbonaceous feed stocks. Presentation to ISAF XV, Int. symposia on alcohols and fuels, CERT, University of California, Riverside (Sept 2005)
Guo L, Cao C, Lu Y (2010) Supercritical water gasification of biomass and organic wastes. In: Momba M, Bux F (eds) Biomass (chapter 9) p 165; ISBN 978-953-307-113-8, pp 202 (Sept. 2010), Sciyo, Croatia downloaded from SCIYO.COM
Boerrigter H (2006) Economy of biomass to liquid (BTL) plants—an engineering assessment, ECN-C-o6-o19 (May 2006)
NETL Office of Systems, Analysis and Planning (2007) Co-conversion of coal and biomass into fuels with reduced carbon emissions, overview of Ongoing Scoping Study, Pittsburgh, PA (31 July 2007)
Boerrigter H, Calis HP, Slort DJ, Bodenstaff H, Kaandorp AJ, Uil H. den, Rabou LPLM, Gas cleaning for integrated biomass gasification (BG) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) systems, Energy Research Center of the Netherland (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, report C-04-056 (Nov 2004) p 59
Boerrigter H, Drift A van der (2004) Biosyngas: description of R&D trajectory necessary to reach large-scale implementation of renewable syngas from biomass, Energy Research Center of the Netherland (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, report C-04-112 (Dec 2004) p 29
Shah YT, Gardner T (2011) Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbon Feedstocks. A paper submitted to Catalysis Review, Marcel Dekker, CRC Press, New York
Boerrigter H, Uil H den, Calis HP (2002) Green diesel from biomass via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: new insights in gas cleaning and process design. In: Paper presented at pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and waste, Expert meeting, Strasbourg, France (30 Sept–1 Oct 2002)
Johansson TB Kelly H Reddy AKN Williams RH (1992) Renewables for fuels and electricity, UNCED (June, 1992)
Daey OC, Den Uil H, Boerrigter H (2000) Trigeneration from biomass and residues. In: Proceedings of progress in thermodynamical biomass conversion (PITBC), Tyrol, Austria (17–22 Sept 2000)
Callis HPA, Haan H, Boerrigter H, Van der Drift A, Peppink G, van den Broek R, Faaij A, Venderbosch RH (2002) Preliminary techno-economic analysis of large-scale synthesis gas manufacturing from imported biomass. In: Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and waste, Expert Meeting, 30 Sept–1 Oct 2002, Strasbourg, France, pp 403–418. Also in SDE, Amsterdam, concept report (5 May 2002)
Bergman PCA, Boersma AR, Kiel JHA (Jul 2005) Torrefaction for entrained flow gasification of biomass, Energy Research Center of the Netherland (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, report C-04-067
Gas-to-liquids news, vol V, No.6, p 11 (June 2002)
Natherlands Energy Research Center (ECN) (2002) ECN Biomass, Tar free producer gas. Poster presented on the Nederlandse Duurzame Energie Conferentie (NDEC), Rotterdam (27–28 Feb 2002)
Boerrigter H, Deurwaarder EP, Bergman PCA, Van Padsen SVB, Vann Ree Therman R (2004) Bio-refinery: high-efficient integrated production of renewable chemicals (transportation) fuels and products from biomass report ECN-RX-04-029, p 67–77
Boerrigter H, Van der Drift A (2005) Synthesis gas from biomass for fuels and chemicals, Paper for workshop organized by IEA Bioenergy Task 33 (biomass gasification) in conjunction with the SYNBIOS conference held in Stockholm, Sweden (May 2005)
Boerrigter H, Van der Drift A (2003) Liquid fuels from solid biomass: the ECN concept(s) for integrated FT-diesel production systems, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands, report RX–03-060
Cavalov B, Peteves SD (2005) Status and perspectives of biomass-to liquid fuels in the European Union, European Commission, DC JRC. Institute for Energy, Petten, The Netherlands 92-894-9784-X, p 1141
Dacombe PJ, Jacobs JM, Kiel JHA (2003) Ash formation in entrained flow co-gasification of coal and biomass; ECN contribution to the ECSC project slag building behaviour during entrained bed coal gasification (SLABE), ECN, Petten, The Netherlands, ECN-CX-03-033
Livingston WR (2005) A review of the recent experience in Britain with the co-firing of biomass with coal in large pulvensed coal-fired boilers, Presented at lEA Exco Workshop on Biomass Co-firing, Mitsui Babcock, Renfrew, Scotland, Copenhagen
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shah, Y.T. (2013). Biomass to Liquid Fuel via Fischer–Tropsch and Related Syntheses. In: Lee, J. (eds) Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3347-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3348-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)