Abstract
The development of microfluidics has steadily increased in the past 20 years and has yielded integrated high-throughput analytical techniques at the microscale, providing novel lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems to be used for biological and chemical applications [1–5].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Weibel DB, DiLuzio WR, Whitesides GM (2007) Microfabrication meets microbiology. Nat Rev Microbiol 5(3):209–218
Weibel DB, Whitesides GM (2006) Applications of microfluidics in chemical biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10(6):584–591
Mark D, Haeberle S, Roth G, von Stetten F, Zengerle R (2010) Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms: requirements, characteristics and applications. Chem Soc Rev 39(3):1153–1182
Atencia J, Beebe DJ (2005) Controlled microfluidic interfaces. Nature 437(7059):648–655
Squires TM, Quake SR (2005) Microfluidics: fluid physics at the nanoliter scale. Rev Mod Phys 77(3):977–1026
Teh SY, Lin R, Hung LH, Lee AP (2008) Droplet microfluidics. Lab Chip 8(2):198–220
Fair RB (2007) Digital microfluidics: is a true lab-on-a-chip possible? Microfluid Nanofluid 3(3):245–281
Theberge AB, Courtois F, Schaerli Y, Fischlechner M, Abell C, Hollfelder F, Huck WTS (2010) Microdroplets in microfluidics: an evolving platform for discoveries in chemistry and biology. Angew Chem Int Ed 49(34):5846–5868
Schmid A, Kortmann H, Dittrich PS, Blank LM (2010) Chemical and biological single cell analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 21(1):12–20
Alberts B (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edn. Garland Science, New York, p xxxiii, 1268, 40, 49, 1
Gunther A, Jensen KF (2006) Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis. Lab Chip 6(12):1487–1503
Baroud CN, Gallaire F, Dangla R (2010) Dynamics of microfluidic droplets. Lab Chip 10(16):2032–2045
Christopher GF, Anna SL (2007) Microfluidic methods for generating continuous droplet streams. J Phys D: Appl Phys 40(19):R319–R336
Boyd J, Sherman P, Parkinso C (1972) Factors affecting emulsion stability, and Hlb concept. J Colloid Interface Sci 41(2):359
Kabalnov A, Weers J (1996) Macroemulsion stability within the Winsor III region: theory versus experiment. Langmuir 12(8):1931–1935
Leal-Calderon F, Schmitt V, Bibette J. SpringerLink (online service) Emulsion science basic principles. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39683-5 Connect to e-book
Gelbart WM, Ben-Shaul A, Roux D (1994) Micelles, membranes, microemulsions, and monolayers. Springer, New York, p 608
Becher P (2001) Emulsions: theory and practice, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, New York, p viii, 513
Becker H, Locascio LE (2002) Polymer microfluidic devices. Talanta 56(2):267–287
Seo M, Paquet C, Nie ZH, Xu SQ, Kumacheva E (2007) Microfluidic consecutive flow-focusing droplet generators. Soft Matter 3(8):986–992
Li W, Nie ZH, Zhang H, Paquet C, Seo M, Garstecki P, Kumacheva E (2007) Screening of the effect of surface energy of microchannels on microfluidic emulsification. Langmuir 23(15):8010–8014
Abate AR, Lee D, Do T, Holtze C, Weitz DA (2008) Glass coating for PDMS microfluidic channels by sol–gel methods. Lab Chip 8(4):516–518
Abate AR, Krummel AT, Lee D, Marquez M, Holtze C, Weitz DA (2008) Photoreactive coating for high-contrast spatial patterning of microfluidic device wettability. Lab Chip 8(12):2157–2160
Chae SK, Lee CH, Lee SH, Kim TS, Kang JY (2009) Oil droplet generation in PDMS microchannel using an amphiphilic continuous phase. Lab Chip 9(13):1957–1961
Bauer WAC, Fischlechner M, Abell C, Huck WTS (2010) Hydrophilic PDMS microchannels for high-throughput formation of oil-in-water microdroplets and water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions. Lab Chip 10(14):1814–1819
Darhuber AA, Troian SM (2005) Principles of microfluidic actuation by modulation of surface stresses. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 37:425–455
Lee GB, Lin CH, Lee KH, Lin YF (2005) On the surface modification of microchannels for microcapillary electrophoresis chips. Electrophoresis 26(24):4616–4624
Koster S, Angile FE, Duan H, Agresti JJ, Wintner A, Schmitz C, Rowat AC, Merten CA, Pisignano D, Griffiths AD, Weitz DA (2008) Drop-based microfluidic devices for encapsulation of single cells. Lab Chip 8(7):1110–1115
Clausell-Tormos J, Lieber D, Baret JC, El-Harrak A, Miller OJ, Frenz L, Blouwolff J, Humphry KJ, Koster S, Duan H, Holtze C, Weitz DA, Griffiths AD, Merten CA (2008) Droplet-based microfluidic platforms for the encapsulation and screening of mammalian cells and multicellular organisms. Chem Biol 15(5):427–437
Chabert M, Viovy JL (2008) Microfluidic high-throughput encapsulation and hydrodynamic self-sorting of single cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(9):3191–3196
He MY, Edgar JS, Jeffries GDM, Lorenz RM, Shelby JP, Chiu DT (2005) Selective encapsulation of single cells and subcellular organelles into picoliter- and femtoliter-volume droplets. Anal Chem 77(6):1539–1544
Abate AR, Chen CH, Agresti JJ, Weitz DA (2009) Beating Poisson encapsulation statistics using close-packed ordering. Lab Chip 9(18):2628–2631
Edd JF, Di Carlo D, Humphry KJ, Koster S, Irimia D, Weitz DA, Toner M (2008) Controlled encapsulation of single-cells into monodisperse picolitre drops. Lab Chip 8(8):1262–1264
Di Carlo D, Irimia D, Tompkins RG, Toner M (2007) Continuous inertial focusing, ordering, and separation of particles in microchannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(48):18892–18897
Tadros TF (1984) Surfactants. Academic, London, p xii, 342
Rosen MJ (1987) National Science Foundation (U.S.), Surfactants in emerging technologies. Dekker, New York, p x, 215
Bai YP, He XM, Liu DS, Patil SN, Bratton D, Huebner A, Hollfelder F, Abell C, Huck WTS (2010) A double droplet trap system for studying mass transport across a droplet-droplet interface. Lab Chip 10(10):1281–1285
Holtze C, Rowat AC, Agresti JJ, Hutchison JB, Angile FE, Schmitz CHJ, Koster S, Duan H, Humphry KJ, Scanga RA, Johnson JS, Pisignano D, Weitz DA (2008) Biocompatible surfactants for water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions. Lab Chip 8(10):1632–1639
Kreutz JE, Li L, Roach LS, Hatakeyama T, Ismagilov RF (2009) Laterally mobile, functionalized self-assembled monolayers at the fluorous-aqueous interface in a plug-based microfluidic system: characterization and testing with membrane protein crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 131(17):6042
Baret JC, Kleinschmidt F, El Harrak A, Griffiths AD (2009) Kinetic aspects of emulsion stabilization by surfactants: a microfluidic analysis. Langmuir 25(11):6088–6093
Roach LS, Song H, Ismagilov RF (2005) Controlling nonspecific protein adsorption in a plug-based microfluidic system by controlling interfacial chemistry using fluorous-phase surfactants. Anal Chem 77(3):785–796
Lee J, Pozrikidis C (2006) Effect of surfactants on the deformation of drops and bubbles in Navier–Stokes flow. Comput Fluids 35(1):43–60
Stone HA, Leal LG (1990) The effects of surfactants on drop deformation and breakup. J Fluid Mech 220:161–186
Wang K, Lu YC, Xu JH, Luo GS (2009) Determination of dynamic interfacial tension and its effect on droplet formation in the T-shaped microdispersion process. Langmuir 25(4):2153–2158
Liu Y, Jung SY, Collier CP (2009) Shear-driven redistribution of surfactant affects enzyme activity in well-mixed femtoliter droplets. Anal Chem 81(12):4922–4928
Lee JN, Park C, Whitesides GM (2003) Solvent compatibility of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic devices. Anal Chem 75(23):6544–6554
Shim JU, Cristobal G, Link DR, Thorsen T, Jia YW, Piattelli K, Fraden S (2007) Control and measurement of the phase behavior of aqueous solutions using microfluidics. J Am Chem Soc 129(28):8825–8835
Huebner A, Bratton D, Whyte G, Yang M, de Mello AJ, Abell C, Hollfelder F (2009) Static microdroplet arrays: a microfluidic device for droplet trapping, incubation and release for enzymatic and cell-based assays. Lab Chip 9(5):692–698
Mazutis L, Araghi AF, Miller OJ, Baret JC, Frenz L, Janoshazi A, Taly V, Miller BJ, Hutchison JB, Link D, Griffiths AD, Ryckelynck M (2009) Droplet-based microfluidic systems for high-throughput single DNA molecule isothermal amplification and analysis. Anal Chem 81(12):4813–4821
Hsiung SK, Chen CT, Lee GB (2006) Micro-droplet formation utilizing microfluidic flow focusing and controllable moving-wall chopping techniques. J Micromech Microeng 16(11):2403–2410
Cramer C, Fischer P, Windhab EJ (2004) Drop formation in a co-flowing ambient fluid. Chem Eng Sci 59(15):3045–3058
Abate AR, Poitzsch A, Hwang Y, Lee J, Czerwinska J, Weitz DA (2009) Impact of inlet channel geometry on microfluidic drop formation. Phys Rev E 80(2):026310
Abate AR, Romanowsky MB, Agresti JJ, Weitz DA (2009) Valve-based flow focusing for drop formation. Appl Phys Lett 94(2):23503
Zhang DF, Stone HA (1997) Drop formation in viscous flows at a vertical capillary tube. Phys Fluids 9(8):2234–2242
Stone HA (1994) Dynamics of drop deformation and breakup in viscous fluids. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 26:65–102
Gupta A, Murshed SMS, Kumar R (2009) Droplet formation and stability of flows in a microfluidic T-junction. Appl Phys Lett 94(16):164107
Lin YH, Lee CH, Lee GB (2008) Droplet formation utilizing controllable moving-wall structures for double-emulsion applications. J Microelectromech Syst 17(3):573–581
Wang W, Yang C, Li CM (2009) Efficient on-demand compound droplet formation: from microfluidics to microdroplets as miniaturized laboratories. Small 5(10):1149–1152
Zheng B, Tice JD, Ismagilov RF (2004) Formation of arrayed droplets of soft lithography and two-phase fluid flow, and application in protein crystallization. Adv Mater 16(15):1365–1368
Anna SL, Bontoux N, Stone HA (2003) Formation of dispersions using “flow focusing” in microchannels. Appl Phys Lett 82(3):364–366
Tice JD, Song H, Lyon AD, Ismagilov RF (2003) Formation of droplets and mixing in multiphase microfluidics at low values of the Reynolds and the capillary numbers. Langmuir 19(22):9127–9133
Ota S, Yoshizawa S, Takeuchi S (2009) Microfluidic formation of monodisperse, cell-sized, and unilamellar vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(35):6533–6537
Schmitz CHJ, Rowat AC, Koster S, Weitz DA (2009) Dropspots: a picoliter array in a microfluidic device. Lab Chip 9(1):44–49
Trivedi V, Doshi A, Kurup GK, Ereifej E, Vandevord PJ, Basu AS (2010) A modular approach for the generation, storage, mixing, and detection of droplet libraries for high throughput screening. Lab Chip 10(18):2433–2442
Boukellal H, Selimovic S, Jia YW, Cristobal G, Fraden S (2009) Simple, robust storage of drops and fluids in a microfluidic device. Lab Chip 9(2):331–338
Christopher GF, Bergstein J, End NB, Poon M, Nguyen C, Anna SL (2009) Coalescence and splitting of confined droplets at microfluidic junctions. Lab Chip 9(8):1102–1109
Link DR, Anna SL, Weitz DA, Stone HA (2004) Geometrically mediated breakup of drops in microfluidic devices. Phys Rev Lett 92(5):054503
Ahn K, Kerbage C, Hunt TP, Westervelt RM, Link DR, Weitz DA (2006) Dielectrophoretic manipulation of drops for high-speed microfluidic sorting devices. Appl Phys Lett 88(2):024104
Niu XZ, Zhang MY, Peng SL, Wen WJ, Sheng P (2007) Real-time detection, control, and sorting of microfluidic droplets. Biomicrofluidics 1(4):044107
Baret JC, Miller OJ, Taly V, Ryckelynck M, El-Harrak A, Frenz L, Rick C, Samuels ML, Hutchison JB, Agresti JJ, Link DR, Weitz DA, Griffiths AD (2009) Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS): efficient microfluidic cell sorting based on enzymatic activity. Lab Chip 9(13):1850–1858
Tan YC, Ho YL, Lee AP (2007) Droplet coalescence by geometrically mediated flow in microfluidic channels. Microfluid Nanofluid 3(4):495–499
Wang W, Yang C, Li CM (2009) On-demand microfluidic droplet trapping and fusion for on-chip static droplet assays. Lab Chip 9(11):1504–1506
Mazutis L, Baret JC, Griffiths AD (2009) A fast and efficient microfluidic system for highly selective one-to-one droplet fusion. Lab Chip 9(18):2665–2672
Hung LH, Choi KM, Tseng WY, Tan YC, Shea KJ, Lee AP (2006) Alternating droplet generation and controlled dynamic droplet fusion in microfluidic device for CdS nanoparticle synthesis. Lab Chip 6(2):174–178
Fidalgo LM, Abell C, Huck WTS (2007) Surface-induced droplet fusion in microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 7(8):984–986
Niu X, Gulati S, Edel JB, de Mello AJ (2008) Pillar-induced droplet merging in microfluidic circuits. Lab Chip 8(11):1837–1841
Zagnoni M, Baroud CN, Cooper JM (2009) Electrically initiated upstream coalescence cascade of droplets in a microfluidic flow. Phys Rev E 80(4):046303
Zagnoni M, Cooper JM (2009) On-chip electrocoalescence of microdroplets as a function of voltage, frequency and droplet size. Lab Chip 9(18):2652–2658
Priest C, Herminghaus S, Seemann R (2006) Controlled electrocoalescence in microfluidics: targeting a single lamella. Appl Phys Lett 89(13):134101
Ahn K, Agresti J, Chong H, Marquez M, Weitz DA (2006) Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels. Appl Phys Lett 88(26):264105
Bremond N, Thiam AR, Bibette J (2008) Decompressing emulsion droplets favors coalescence. Phys Rev Lett 100(2):024501
Zagnoni M, Le Lain G, Cooper JM (2010) Electrocoalescence mechanisms of microdroplets using localized electric fields in microfluidic channels. Langmuir 26(18):14443–14449
Tan WH, Takeuchi S (2007) A trap-and-release integrated microfluidic system for dynamic microarray applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(4):1146–1151
Shi WW, Qin JH, Ye NN, Lin BC (2008) Droplet-based microfluidic system for individual Caenorhabditis elegans assay. Lab Chip 8(9):1432–1435
Zagnoni M, Cooper JM (2010) A microdroplet-based shift register. Lab Chip. doi:10.1039/C0LC00219D
Yap YF, Tan SH, Nguyen NT, Murshed SMS, Wong TN, Yobas L (2009) Thermally mediated control of liquid microdroplets at a bifurcation. J Phys D: Appl Phys 42(6):065503
Franke T, Braunmuller S, Schmid L, Wixforth A, Weitz DA (2010) Surface acoustic wave actuated cell sorting (SAWACS). Lab Chip 10(6):789–794
Franke T, Abate AR, Weitz DA, Wixforth A (2009) Surface acoustic wave (SAW) directed droplet flow in microfluidics for PDMS devices. Lab Chip 9(18):2625–2627
Zhang K, Liang QL, Ma S, Mu XA, Hu P, Wang YM, Luo GA (2009) On-chip manipulation of continuous picoliter-volume superparamagnetic droplets using a magnetic force. Lab Chip 9(20):2992–2999
Baroud CN, de Saint Vincent MR, Delville JP (2007) An optical toolbox for total control of droplet microfluidics. Lab Chip 7(8):1029–1033
Baroud CN, Delville JP, Gallaire F, Wunenburger R (2007) Thermocapillary valve for droplet production and sorting. Phys Rev E 75(4):046302
Dixit SS, Kim H, Vasilyev A, Eid A, Faris GW (2010) Light-driven formation and rupture of droplet bilayers. Langmuir 26(9):6193–6200
Jeffries GDM, Kuo JS, Chiu DT (2007) Dynamic modulation of chemical concentration in an aqueous droplet. Angew Chem Int Ed 46(8):1326–1328
Fidalgo LM, Whyte G, Bratton D, Kaminski CF, Abell C, Huck WTS (2008) From microdroplets to microfluidics: selective emulsion separation in microfluidic devices. Angew Chem Int Ed 47(11):2042–2045
Courtois F, Olguin LF, Whyte G, Theberge AB, Huck WTS, Hollfelder F, Abell C (2009) Controlling the retention of small molecules in emulsion microdroplets for use in cell-based assays. Anal Chem 81(8):3008–3016
Liau A, Karnik R, Majumdar A, Cate JHD (2005) Mixing crowded biological solutions in milliseconds. Anal Chem 77(23):7618–7625
Damean N, Olguin LF, Hollfelder F, Abell C, Huck WTS (2009) Simultaneous measurement of reactions in microdroplets filled by concentration gradients. Lab Chip 9(12):1707–1713
Huebner A, Srisa-Art M, Holt D, Abell C, Hollfelder F, Demello AJ, Edel JB (2007) Quantitative detection of protein expression in single cells using droplet microfluidics. Chem Commun 12:1218–1220
Solvas XCI, Srisa-Art M, Demello AJ, Edel JB (2010) Mapping of fluidic mixing in microdroplets with 1 mu s time resolution using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Anal Chem 82(9):3950–3956
Srisa-Art M, Kang DK, Hong J, Park H, Leatherbarrow RJ, Edel JB, Chang SI, de Mello AJ (2009) Analysis of protein-protein interactions by using droplet-based microfluidics. Chembiochem 10(10):1605–1611
Srisa-Art M, deMello AJ, Edel JB (2008) Fluorescence lifetime imaging of mixing dynamics in continuous-flow microdroplet reactors. Phys Rev Lett 101(1):14502
Srisa-Art M, Dyson EC, Demello AJ, Edel JB (2008) Monitoring of real-time streptavidin-biotin binding kinetics using droplet microfluidics. Anal Chem 80(18):7063–7067
Boedicker JQ, Vincent ME, Ismagilov RF (2009) Microfluidic confinement of single cells of bacteria in small volumes initiates high-density behavior of quorum sensing and growth and reveals its variability. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(32):5908–5911
Boedicker JQ, Li L, Kline TR, Ismagilov RF (2008) Detecting bacteria and determining their susceptibility to antibiotics by stochastic confinement in nanoliter droplets using plug-based microfluidics. Lab Chip 8(8):1265–1272
Koster S, Evilevitch A, Jeembaeva M, Weitz DA (2009) Influence of internal capsid pressure on viral infection by phage lambda. Biophys J 97(6):1525–1529
Choi CH, Jung JH, Rhee YW, Kim DP, Shim SE, Lee CS (2007) Generation of monodisperse alginate microbeads and in situ encapsulation of cell in microfluidic device. Biomed Microdevices 9(6):855–862
Luo CX, Yang XJ, Fu O, Sun MH, Ouyang Q, Chen Y, Ji H (2006) Picoliter-volume aqueous droplets in oil: electrochemical detection and yeast electroporation. Electrophoresis 27(10):1977–1983
Tan WH, Takeuchi S (2007) Monodisperse alginate hydrogel microbeads for cell encapsulation. Adv Mater 19(18):2696
Martino C, Zagnoni M, Sandison ME, Chanasakulniyom M, Pitt AR, Cooper JM (2011) Intracellular protein determination using droplet-based immunoassays. Anal Chem 83(13):5361–5368
Huebner A, Olguin LF, Bratton D, Whyte G, Huck WTS, de Mello AJ, Edel JB, Abell C, Hollfelder F (2008) Development of quantitative cell-based enzyme assays in microdroplets. Anal Chem 80(10):3890–3896
Joensson HN, Samuels ML, Brouzes ER, Medkova M, Uhlen M, Link DR, Andersson-Svahn H (2009) Detection and analysis of low-abundance cell-surface biomarkers using enzymatic amplification in microfluidic droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(14):2518–2521
Shim JU, Olguin LF, Whyte G, Scott D, Babtie A, Abell C, Huck WTS, Hollfelder F (2009) Simultaneous determination of gene expression and enzymatic activity in individual bacterial cells in microdroplet compartments. J Am Chem Soc 131(42):15251–15256
Zhan YH, Wang J, Bao N, Lu C (2009) Electroporation of cells in microfluidic droplets. Anal Chem 81(5):2027–2031
Kim HJ, Boedicker JQ, Choi JW, Ismagilov RF (2008) Defined spatial structure stabilizes a synthetic multispecies bacterial community. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(47):18188–18193
Shah RK, Kim JW, Agresti JJ, Weitz DA, Chu LY (2008) Fabrication of monodisperse thermosensitive microgels and gel capsules in microfluidic devices. Soft Matter 4(12):2303–2309
Shah RK, Kim JW, Weitz DA (2010) Monodisperse stimuli-responsive colloidosomes by self-assembly of microgels in droplets. Langmuir 26(3):1561–1565
Kim C, Lee KS, Kim YE, Lee KJ, Lee SH, Kim TS, Kang JY (2009) Rapid exchange of oil-phase in microencapsulation chip to enhance cell viability. Lab Chip 9(9):1294–1297
Workman VL, Dunnett SB, Kille P, Palmer DD (2008) On-chip alginate microencapsulation of functional cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 29(2):165–170
Workman VL, Dunnett SB, Kille P, Palmer DD (2007) Microfluidic chip-based synthesis of alginate microspheres for encapsulation of immortalized human cells. Biomicrofluidics 1(1):014105
Williams R, Peisajovich SG, Miller OJ, Magdassi S, Tawfik DS, Griffiths AD (2006) Amplification of complex gene libraries by emulsion PCR. Nat Methods 3(7):545–550
Kumaresan P, Yang CJ, Cronier SA, Blazei RG, Mathies RA (2008) High-throughput single copy DNA amplification and cell analysis in engineered nanoliter droplets. Anal Chem 80(10):3522–3529
Kojima T, Takei Y, Ohtsuka M, Kawarasaki Y, Yamane T, Nakano H (2005) PCR amplification from single DNA molecules on magnetic beads in emulsion: application for high-throughput screening of transcription factor targets. Nucleic Acids Res 33(17):e150
Thorsen T, Roberts RW, Arnold FH, Quake SR (2001) Dynamic pattern formation in a vesicle-generating microfluidic device. Phys Rev Lett 86(18):4163–4166
Dittrich PS, Jahnz M, Schwille P (2005) A new embedded process for compartmentalized cell-free protein expression and on-line detection in microfluidic devices. Chembiochem 6(5):811
Stanley CE, Elvira KS, Niu XZ, Gee AD, Ces O, Edel JB, de Mello AJ (2010) A microfluidic approach for high-throughput droplet interface bilayer (DIB) formation. Chem Commun 46(10):1620–1622
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zagnoni, M., Cooper, J.M. (2012). Single-Cell Analysis in Microdroplets. In: Day, P., Manz, A., Zhang, Y. (eds) Microdroplet Technology. Integrated Analytical Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3265-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3265-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3264-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3265-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)