Skip to main content

Genetic Risk Models in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Abstract

Late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common sight-threatening disease of the central retina affecting approximately 1 in 30 Caucasians. Besides age and smoking, common genetic variants from at least 19 gene loci have reproducibly been associated with AMD likely explaining a large proportion of disease. Based on the current knowledge, several models were calculated to predict disease risk each with its own strength and weakness. Here, we review and compare published genetic risk models for AMD with or without additionally accounting for non-genetic factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Congdon N, O’Colmain B, Klaver CCW, Klein R, Muñoz B et al (2004) Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 122:477–485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Friedman DS, O’Colmain BJ, Muñoz B, Tomany SC, McCarty C et al (2004) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 122:564–572

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Meuer SM, Swift M et al (2007) Fifteen-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 114:253–262

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Solomon SD, Jefferys JL, Hawkins BS, Bressler NM, Bressler SB (2009) Risk factors for second eye progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration: SST report No. 21 Submacular Surgery Trials Research Group. Retina 29:1080–1090

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group (2001) A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 119:1417–1436

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Seddon JM, Cote J, Page WF, Aggen SH, Neale MC (2005) The US twin study of age-related macular degeneration: relative roles of genetic and environmental influences. Arch Ophthalmol 123:321–327

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Grassmann F, Fritsche LG, Keilhauer CN, Heid IM, Weber BHF (2012) Modelling the genetic risk in age-related macular degeneration. PloS One 7:e37979

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Klein RJ, Zeiss C, Chew EY, Tsai J, Sackler RS et al (2005) Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 308:385–389

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gold B, Merriam JE, Zernant J, Hancox LS, Taiber AJ et al (2006) Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 38:458–462

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Maller J, George S, Purcell S, Fagerness J, Altshuler D et al (2006) Common variation in three genes, including a non-coding variant in CFH, strongly influences risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 38:1055–1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hughes AE, Orr N, Patterson C, Esfandiary H, Hogg R et al (2007) Neovascular age-related macular degeneration risk based on CFH, LOC387715/HTRA1, and smoking. PLoS Med 4:e355

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jakobsdottir J, Conley YP, Weeks DE, Ferrell RE, Gorin MB (2008) C2 and CFB genes in age-related maculopathy and joint action with CFH and LOC387715 genes. PloS One 3:e2199

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Seddon JM, Reynolds R, Maller J, Fagerness J a, Daly MJ et al (2009) Prediction model for prevalence and incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration based on genetic, demographic, and environmental variables. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50:2044–2053

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jakobsdottir J, Gorin MB, Conley YP, Ferrell RE, Weeks DE (2009) Interpretation of genetic association studies: markers with replicated highly significant odds ratios may be poor classifiers. PLoS Genet 5:e1000337

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Farwick A, Dasch B, Weber BHF, Pauleikhoff D, Stoll M et al (2009) Variations in five genes and the severity of age-related macular degeneration: results from the Muenster aging and retina study. Eye 23:2238–2244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gibson J, Cree A, Collins A, Lotery A, Ennis S (2010) Determination of a gene and environment risk model for age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 94:1382–1387

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen Y, Zeng J, Zhao C, Wang K, Trood E et al (2011) Assessing susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration with genetic markers and environmental factors. Arch Ophthalmol 129:344–351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Klein ML, Francis PJ, Ferris FL, Hamon SC, Clemons TE (2011) Risk assessment model for development of advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 129(12):1543–1550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hageman GS, Gehrs K, Lejnine S, Bansal AT, Deangelis MM et al (2011) Clinical validation of a genetic model to estimate the risk of developing choroidal neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Hum Genomics 5:420–440

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Seddon JM, Reynolds R, Yu Y, Daly MJ, Rosner B (2011) Risk models for progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration using demographic, environmental, genetic, and ocular factors. Ophthalmology 118:2203–2211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Spencer KL, Olson LM, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Gallins P, Agarwal A, et al (2011) Using genetic variation and environmental risk factor data to identify individuals at high risk for age-related macular degeneration. PloS One 6:e17784

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. McCarthy LC, Newcombe PJ, Whittaker JC, Wurzelmann JI, Fries M a et al (2012) Predictive models of choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy incidence applied to clinical trial design. Am J Ophthalmol 154:568–578.e12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Harrell FE, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Lee KL, Rosati RA (1982) Evaluating the yield of medical tests. JAMA 247:2543–2546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Raychaudhuri S, Iartchouk O, Chin K, Tan PL, Tai AK et al (2011) A rare penetrant mutation in CFH confers high risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 43:1232–1236

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ferris FL, Davis MD, Clemons TE, Lee L-Y, Chew EY et al (2005) A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 18. Arch Ophthalmol 123:1570–1574

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bernhard H. F. Weber .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this paper

Cite this paper

Grassmann, F., Heid, I., Weber, B. (2014). Genetic Risk Models in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: Ash, J., Grimm, C., Hollyfield, J., Anderson, R., LaVail, M., Bowes Rickman, C. (eds) Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 801. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_37

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3208-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3209-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics