Abstract
Many cutaneous manifestations have been described in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, including livedo reticularis and racemosa, atrophie blanche, livedoid vasculopathy, skin ulcerations and necrosis, anetoderma, and malignant atrophic papulosis. This chapter reviews the definition, biopsy findings, and management of these cutaneous manifestations that can occur in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Acknowledgments
The members of the “Task Force on Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) and Non-criteria APS Manifestations” that contributed to the discussions that are presented in this chapter are as follows:
Ricard Cervera and Gerard Espinosa (Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), Maria G. Tektonidou (First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece), Antonio R. Cabral (Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico), Emilio B. González (Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA), Doruk Erkan (The Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA), Smita Vaidya (Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA), Horacio E. Adrogué (The Methodist Hospital Transplant Center, Fannin, Houston, Texas, USA), Michal Solomon (Department of Dermatology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel), Gisele Zandman-Goddard (Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel), and Yehuda Shoenfeld (Zublodovitz Center for Autoimmune Diseases and Department of Medicine B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel).
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Solomon, M., Shoenfeld, Y., Zandman-Goddard, G. (2012). Task Force Report on Non-criteria Manifestations: Skin. In: Erkan, D., Pierangeli, S. (eds) Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3194-7_16
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