Abstract
In order to appreciate the development of crisis and emergency care in psychiatry in its present form and the potential for innovations in the future, it is important to understand the evolution of psychiatric care in general. Individuals with mental illness have remained on the margins of society throughout our history. They have been subjected to various forms of mistreatment in many periods, both in community settings and in the asylum or state hospital systems. In the mid-nineteenth century, Dorothea Dix advocated for the humane treatment of the mentally ill, specifically requesting the creation of institutions that would “provide structure, security, and a healing environment” (Casher and Bess 2010) (see Chaps. 2 and 5 for details). By the late 1800s and early 1900s, many asylums were operated on the theory that moral approaches to care, characterized by staff and family support, productive activities, and a pleasant environment, was the proper way to treat insanity, and some of these ideas are reemerging today.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alexander, C., & Zealberg, J. J. (1999). Mobile crisis: Moving emergency psychiatry out of the hospital setting. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 82, 93–99.
Allen, M., Foster, P., Zealberg, J., & Currier, G. (2002). APA Task Force on Psychiatric Emergency Services: Report and recommendations regarding psychiatric emergency and crisis services.
Bengelsdorf, H., Church, J., Kaye, R., Orlowski, B., & Alden, D. (1993). The cost effectiveness of crisis intervention: Admission diversion savings can offset the high cost of service. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 757–762.
Berlin, S., & Fishkind, A. (2008). Structure and function of psychiatric emergency services. In R. Glick, S. Berlin, A. Fishkind, & S. Zeller (Eds.), Emergency psychiatry: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Boudreaux, E., Allen, M., Claassen, C., et al. (2009). The Psychiatric Emergency Research Collaboration-01: Methods and results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 515–522.
Brown, J. (2005). Psychiatric emergency services: A review of the literature and proposed research agenda. Psychiatric Quarterly, 76(2), 139–165.
Byatt, B., & Glick, R. (2008). Safety in the psychiatric emergency service. In R. Glick, S. Berlin, A. Fishkind, & S. Zeller (Eds.), Emergency psychiatry: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Casher, M., & Bess, J. (2010). Manual of inpatient psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fenton, W., Mosher, L., Herrell, J., & Blyler, C. (1998). Randomized trial of general hospital and residential alternative care for patients with severe and persistent mental illness. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 516–522.
Geller, J. L., Fisher, W. H., & McDermeit, M. (1995). A national survey of mobile crisis services and their evaluation. Psychiatric Services, 46, 893–897.
Gillig, P. (1995). The spectrum of mobile outreach and its role in the emergency service. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 67, 13–20.
Greenfield, T., Stoneking, B., Humphreys, K., Sundby, E., & Bond, J. (2008). A randomized trial of a mental health consumer-managed alternative to civil commitment for acute psychiatric crisis. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42, 135–144.
Guo, S., Biegel, D., Johnsen, J., & Dyches, H. (2001). Assessing the impact of community-based mobile crisis services on preventing hospitalization. Psychiatric Services, 52(2), 223–228.
Joy, C. B., Adams, C. E., Rice, K. (2008). Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illness (review). The Cochrane Collaboration, 4, 1–57.
Lloyd-Evans, B., Slade, M., & Jageilska, D. (2009). Residential alternatives to acute psychiatric hospital admission: systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 109–117.
McQuistion, H. L., Almeida, C., & Nossel, I. (2008). Emergency psychiatric services for people who are homeless: Intervention, linkage and recovery. In R. Glick, S. Berlin, A. Fishkind, & S. Zeller (Eds.), Emergency psychiatry: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Menikoff, A. (1999). Psychiatric home care: Clinical and economic dimensions. San Diego: Academic.
Patel, R. (2008). Crisis residential settings. In R. Glick, S. Berlin, A. Fishkind, & S. Zeller (Eds.), Emergency psychiatry: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Scott, R. (2000). Evaluation of a mobile crisis program: Effectiveness, efficiency, and consumer satisfaction. Psychiatric Services, 51(9), 1153–1156.
Stroul, B. (1988). Residential crisis services: A review. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 39, 1095–1099.
Wellin, E., Slesinger, D., & Hollister, C. D. (1987). Psychiatric emergency services: Evolution, adaptation, and proliferation. Social Science & Medicine, 24(6), 475–482.
Zealberg, J. J., Santos, A. B., & Fisher, R. K. (1993). Benefits of mobile crisis programs. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 44, 16–17.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sabnis, D., Glick, R.L. (2012). Innovative Community-Based Crisis and Emergency Services. In: McQuistion, H., Sowers, W., Ranz, J., Feldman, J. (eds) Handbook of Community Psychiatry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3149-7_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3149-7_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3148-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3149-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)