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Hybrid Materials for High Ionic Conductivity

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Book cover Sol-Gel Processing for Conventional and Alternative Energy

Part of the book series: Advances in Sol-Gel Derived Materials and Technologies ((Adv.Sol-Gel Deriv. Materials Technol.))

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials are a blending of two components where at least one of them is at the nanoscale. The sol-gel process is an interesting method to synthesize these materials because it allows a wide variation in compositions and inorganic/organic ratios, together with an excellent control of porosity (volume, size and connectivity) and functional groups. These features enable the design of hybrid materials with high ion conductivity for different applications as electrolytes for proton exchange membranes fuel cells (PEMFC) and lithium ion batteries. Two of the main constraints of PEMFC are the operation conditions, limited to maximum temperatures of 80°C and relative humidity near 100%. Increasing of operation temperature above 100°C is a highly desirable goal because it increases the electrochemical kinetics, improves CO tolerance, facilitates heat rejection, and reduces the problems associated with water management. Although some of the properties have been achieved separately, no system has been able to gather all the necessary requirements. In the case of application of hybrid materials as solid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries, the ion conductivity is only slightly improved compared with poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes and still far from values of organic liquids. Besides, in the field of microbatteries, the electrolyte thickness can be as low as one micron, and, in this configuration, ionic conductivities of 10−5 S/cm or higher would be enough for practical applications.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry under National Program ACI-PLAN E (project PLE2009-0074) for financial support.

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  1. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Jadra Mosa & Mario Aparicio

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  1. Jadra Mosa
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Correspondence to Mario Aparicio .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, Madrid, Spain

    Mario Aparicio

  2. City University of New York, New York, 10001, USA

    Andrei Jitianu

  3. Ceramics Department, Rutgers University, Brett Road 98, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA

    Lisa C. Klein

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Mosa, J., Aparicio, M. (2012). Hybrid Materials for High Ionic Conductivity . In: Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A., Klein, L. (eds) Sol-Gel Processing for Conventional and Alternative Energy. Advances in Sol-Gel Derived Materials and Technologies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1957-0_6

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