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Breast and Gynecological Cancers pp 83–98Cite as

HPV and Cervical Cancer

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Abstract

About 15% of all human cancers are caused by viruses; human papillomaviruses (HPV) only are responsible for at least 5% of tumors worldwide. All cervical cancers can be linked to high-risk HPV infections which accounts for about 10% of female cancers in developing countries. Moreover a significant proportion of cancers arising in other anatomical locations are attributed to HPV. The transformation mechanism of certain HPVs is attributed to the pleiotropic effects of two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, the continuous expression of which is required for cell transformation. These proteins prevent keratinocytes senescence and can extend their life span and block terminal differentiation promoting the accumulation of mitotic defects, genomic instability, and neoplasia. Tumors arise several years after exposure to the virus which is a clear indication that other factors operate during different stages of tumor development, which include in large proportion the immune responses affecting both the virus and the infected individual. The very high negative predictive value of HPV testing speaks in favor of its use in screening of cervical cancer to reduce the mortality related to this neoplasia particularly in developing countries.

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Abbreviations

BPV:

Bovine papillomavirus

CIN:

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

LCR:

Long control region

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

PV:

Papillomavirus

VLP:

Virus-like particles

WHO:

World Health Organization

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  1. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 251, andar 8, São Paulo, 01246-090, Brazil

    Laura Sichero & Luisa Lina Villa

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  1. Laura Sichero
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  2. Luisa Lina Villa
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Correspondence to Laura Sichero .

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  1. Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza 1, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Mahesh K. Shetty

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Sichero, L., Villa, L.L. (2013). HPV and Cervical Cancer. In: Shetty, M. (eds) Breast and Gynecological Cancers. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1876-4_5

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