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Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Anaplerosis

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Neural Metabolism In Vivo

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 4))

Abstract

Most excitatory neuronal activity in the brain is sustained by cycling the most prominent neurotransmitter, glutamate, and its metabolic product glutamine between neurons and astrocytes. Losses of these compounds during cycling are replenished by anaplerosis that primarily takes place in astrocytes. This chapter summarizes the methodological considerations in carbon tracer studies used to measure glutamate-glutamine cycling and anaplerosis, together with the estimated rates for these metabolic fluxes in the living brain. Questions regarding neuronal anaplerosis and the stoichiometry of the glutamate-glutamine cycle are examined. The possibility of a functional link between anaplerosis and the glutamate-glutamine cycle is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the NIH grants R01 NS38672 (PGH), R21 NS060253 (GÖ) and VA Merit award (DAO). The Center for MR Research is supported by National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) biotechnology research resource grant P41RR08079 and Neuroscience Center Core Blueprint Award P30 NS057091. The Structural Biology NMR facility at the University of Minnesota is supported with funds from the NSF (BIR-961477), the University of Minnesota Medical School, and the Minnesota Medical Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 6th St. SE., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Gülin Öz Ph.D. & Pierre-Gilles Henry Ph.D.

  2. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA

    David A. Okar Ph.D.

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  1. Gülin Öz Ph.D.
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  2. David A. Okar Ph.D.
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  3. Pierre-Gilles Henry Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Gülin Öz Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas, Rainbow Blvd. 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    In-Young Choi

  2. Inst. Physique de la Matière Complexe, Labo. d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Öz, G., Okar, D.A., Henry, PG. (2012). Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Anaplerosis. In: Choi, IY., Gruetter, R. (eds) Neural Metabolism In Vivo. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_32

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