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Hardware Requirements for In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Neural Metabolism

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Neural Metabolism In Vivo

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 4))

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Abstract

Refined technological developments in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), within the biomedical environment typically named magnetic resonance (MR), enable to noninvasively obtain biochemical, physiological, morphological, and anatomical information in vivo in both clinical and preclinical studies. Currently MR technologies are available for measuring high resolution anatomical images via e.g., T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microscopic alterations of brain tissue via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), cerebral blood flow via arterial spin labeling MRI, brain function via the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)- MRI, and spatial distribution of neurochemicals via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), to name a few examples. Furthermore, recent technical advances allow us to combine both NMR and positron emission tomography (PET) technologies, which provide simultaneous acquisition of high resolution anatomical MRI and molecular imaging with radioactive tracers within the magnet, therefore increasing diagnostic values through combining the strength of spatial resolution of MRI and detection sensitivity of PET.

This chapter provides an overview of various configurations and components of MR systems including magnets and gradients. Particular focuses have been employed in explaining the radiofrequency (RF) system, one of the most rapidly develop technologies, from the basic to the state-of-the-art components with various modes of RF system configurations and RF coils.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the intramural program of the Laboratory for Functional and Molecular Imaging (LFMI), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. We gratefully acknowledge Mark Augath, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany, for images of Figs. 2.15 and 2.16; Charles Zhu, Neuro Imaging Facility, NINDS, National Eye Institute, National Institute for Mental Health, NIH, for images of Fig. 2.20; Dr. Afonso Silva, Micro Circulation Unit, LFMI, NINDS, NIH, for images of Fig. 2.21.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Hellmut Merkle Ph.D.

  2. Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA

    Phil Lee Ph.D.

  3. Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA

    In-Young Choi Ph.D.

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  1. Hellmut Merkle Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Hellmut Merkle Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas, Rainbow Blvd. 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    In-Young Choi

  2. Inst. Physique de la Matière Complexe, Labo. d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter

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Merkle, H., Lee, P., Choi, IY. (2012). Hardware Requirements for In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Neural Metabolism. In: Choi, IY., Gruetter, R. (eds) Neural Metabolism In Vivo. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_2

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