Abstract
This condition often accompanies certain specific underlying medical conditions. However, in a large number of cases, no apparent cause can be assigned to the presence of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) in an effusion specimen. Common causes of florid mesothelial hyperplasia include ischemic conditions of heart and lung (pulmonary infarction being the most notorious cause), systemic diseases (collagen-vascular diseases, SLE, etc.), hepatic cirrhosis, infections, radiation therapy, and underlying malignancy.
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Notes
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May additionally cause significant cytologic atypia warranting a higher threshold for malignancy when such effusions are examined cytologically
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Ali, S.Z., Cibas, E.S. (2012). Reactive Mesothelial Hyperplasia. In: Serous Cavity Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytopathology. Essentials in Cytopathology, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1776-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1776-7_3
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