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Operational and Environmental Consequences of Large Industrial Cooling Water Systems pp 163–182Cite as

Chlorination and Biofouling Control in Industrial Cooling Water Systems

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Abstract

Chlorine, a powerful oxidizing biocide, was first used in Europe and North America in the early 1900s for the disinfection of drinking water and resulted in a dramatic decline in typhoid and cholera cases. At the present time, it is largely used as for water treatment, such as taste and odour control, disinfection of drinking water and wastewater, in the food industry and for biofouling control. Of all the disinfectants, it is certainly the most extensively studied with regard to chemistry, toxicity and ecotoxicity. Due to its well-tried technology, its long-term worldwide industrial uses and its reasonable cost, chlorine remains the most common antifouling treatment in industrial cooling water systems. An ideal biocide is toxic to one particular organism or group of organisms, but has no harmful effects on “non-target” organisms. It is not consumed by reactions with substances in the water (i.e. there is no “demand”), and soon after it enters the environment, it breaks down into non-toxic forms. Chlorine is a long way from being an ideal biocide: it is non-specific and reacts with virtually all constituents of natural waters—including man-made pollutants—to yield products having varying degree of persistence and toxicity. Nevertheless, it continues to be used for biofouling control in power plant cooling water systems.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partly funded by Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology (Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands), KEMA Technical and Operational Services (TOS, Arnhem, The Netherlands) and the European Commission in the Community’s Sixth Framework Programme (INCO project, Contract number: PL510658, TBT Impacts). It is contribution number 526 of the Centre for Wetland Ecology (CWE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Sanjeevi Rajagopal

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  1. Sanjeevi Rajagopal
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Correspondence to Sanjeevi Rajagopal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Wetland & Water Research, Dept. Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525 ED, Netherlands

    Sanjeevi Rajagopal

  2. Department of Environmental Research, N.V. KEMA, R&D Division, Arnhem, 6800, Netherlands

    Henk A. Jenner

  3. Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Biofouling & Biofilm Processes Section, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603102, India

    Vayalam P. Venugopalan

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Rajagopal, S. (2012). Chlorination and Biofouling Control in Industrial Cooling Water Systems. In: Rajagopal, S., Jenner, H., Venugopalan, V. (eds) Operational and Environmental Consequences of Large Industrial Cooling Water Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1698-2_8

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