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Abstract

Seventy million patients are afflicted by and treated for chronic pain in the United States and treated more frequently with long-term opioids, particularly morphine, oxycodone, and methadone in the treatment of non-cancer pain. Many of these patients will arrive for surgical procedures, and pain management will be a major part of their hospital stay. According to various sources, approximately 40 % of all surgical patients still experience moderate to severe pain and almost a quarter of them experience inadequate pain relief. Allowing patients to suffer from poorly controlled pain not only may be considered a breach of human rights but may result in emotional and cognitive problems, negatively impacting postoperative rehabilitation and quality of life.

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Bottiger, B.A., Orme, D.C., Gordin, V. (2013). Acute Management of the Opioid-Dependent Patient. In: Deer, T., et al. Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional, and Integrative Approaches. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1560-2_12

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