Skip to main content

The Impact of Export Assistance on “Born Globals”: An Integrative Network Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Export Assistance: The Way Back and Forward

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Business ((BRIEFSBUSINESS))

Abstract

“Born global” (BG) firms have attracted many researchers throughout the last decade. Despite the emergence of BG phenomenon initially posed a serious challenge to the validity and applicability of traditional “stage” theory of internationalization, recently scholars have discovered the theoretical underpinnings of BG firms into the traditional theory. Therefore, recurring attempts at integrating both theories into a single framework have been observed in recent times. Recapitulating the common aspects between the two theories, this chapter seeks to do the same in the study of export assistance and performance by the inclusion of network theory. Network relationship in this chapter has been measured in terms of export assistance and support received by the focal firm from different network actors. Unfortunately, export assistance being an older research stream has largely ignored the role of such assistance in rapid internationalization of BG firms. Moreover, most of the existing empirical literature on export assistance is skewed toward developed countries, thereby little is actually known about the export support systems in developing countries. We address these research gaps by empirically testing an integrative model in a developing country low-tech industry context which explains how network relationships in terms of export assistance received from network actors directly or indirectly influence BGs’ internationalization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aaby, N.-E., & Slater, S. F. (1989). Managerial influences on export performance: A review of the empirical literature 1978–88. International Marketing Review, 6(4), 7–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, Z. U., Mohamed, O., Johnson, J. P., & Meng, L. Y. (2002). Export promotion programs of Malaysian firms: An international marketing perspective. Journal of Business Research, 55(10), 831–843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M. Y., & Shamsuddoha, A. K. (2007). Export promotion programmes as antecedents of internationalization of developing country firms: A theoretical model and empirical assessment. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 1(1), 20–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, R. E. (2004). Sources of export success in small- and medium-sized enterprises: The impact of public programs. International Business Review, 13(3), 383–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amine, L. S., & Cavusgil, S. T. (1986). Export marketing strategies in the British clothing industry. European Journal of Marketing, 20(7), 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1982). Some methods for respecifying measurement models to obtain unidimensional construct measurement. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 453–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S., & Wictor, I. (2003). Innovative internationalization in new firms: Born globals – The Swedish case. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 249–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J. A., & Almeida, J. G. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 909–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, B., & Johanson, J. (1992). Foreign market entry – The textbook vs. the network view. In B. Axelsson & G. Easton (Eds.), Industrial networks: A new view of reality (pp. 218–234). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, J., McNaughton, R., & Young, S. (2001). ‘Born-again global’ firms: An extension of the ‘born global’ phenomenon. Journal of International Management, 7(2), 173–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, J., McNaughton, R., Young, S., & Crick, D. (2003). Towards an integrative model of small firm internationalization. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 339–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benito, G. R. G., Solberg, C. A., & Welch, L. S. (1993). An exploration of the information behaviour of Norwegian exporters. International Journal of Information Management, 13(4), 274–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilkey, W. J., & Tesar, G. (1977). The export behavior of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 93–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodur, M. (1994). Foreign market indicators structural resources and marketing strategies as determinants of export performance. In S. T. Cavusgil & C. Axinn (Eds.), Advances in International Marketing (pp. 183–205). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Vol. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1997). Coopetition: A revolution mindset that combines competition and game theory strategy that’s changing the game of business. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, L., & Garvey, D. (2009). The role of knowledge in internationalization. Research in International Business and Finance, 23, 120–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodrechtova, Y. (2008). Determinants of export marketing strategies of forest products companies in the context of transition – The case of Slovakia. Forest Policy and Economics, 10(7), 450–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. J., & Ghauri, P. (Eds.). (1994). The internationalization of the firm. London: Dryden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casillas, J. C., Moreno, A. M., Acedo, F. J., Gallego, M. A., & Ramos, E. (2009). An integrative model of the role of knowledge in the internationalization process. Journal of World Business, 44(3), 311–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, T. S. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8, 273–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Naor, J. (1987). Firm and management characteristics as discriminators of export marketing activity. Journal of Business Research, 15(3), 221–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, T. S., & Nevin, J. R. (1981). Internal determinants of export marketing behavior: An empirical investigation. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 114–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadwin, M. L. (1990). State development programs: Assessment and recommendations. In S. T. Cavusgil & M. R. Czinkota (Eds.), International perspectives on trade promotion and assistance (pp. 39–52). New York: Quorum Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhry, S., & Crick, D. (1998). Export information providers: Are they meeting the needs of SMEs? Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 16(3), 141–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chetty, S., & Campbell-Hunt, C. (2004). A strategic approach to internationalization: A traditional versus a “born-global” approach. Journal of International Marketing, 12(1), 57–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chetty, S. K., & Hamilton, R. T. (1993). Firm-level determinants of export performance: A meta-analysis. International Marketing Review, 10(3), 26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., & McMullan, W. E. (2004). Outsider assistance as a knowledge resource for new venture survival. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(3), 229–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, C. H., Da Rocha, A., & Gertner, R. K. (1987). An empirical investigation of the factors influencing exporting success of Brazilian firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 18 (Fall), 61–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1985). The impact of export strategy on export sales performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 37–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coviello, N. E., & Munro, H. J. (1995). Growing the entrepreneurial firm: Networking for international market development. European Journal of Marketing, 29(7), 49–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coviello, N. E., & Munro, H. J. (1997). Network relationships and the internationalisation process of small software firms. International Business Review, 6(4), 361–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covin, J. G. (1991). Entrepreneurial versus conservative firms: A comparison of strategies and performance. Journal of Management Studies, 28(5), 439–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, 25(3), 217–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czinkota, M. (1982). Export development strategies: US promotion policies. New York: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, D. L., Menguc, B., & Myers, C. P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: A survey of the literature and an investigation of New Zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 461–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denis, J. E., & Depelteau, D. (1985). Market knowledge, diversification and export expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Tse, K. Y. K. (1993). Understanding the role of export marketing assistance: Empirical evidence and research needs. European Journal of Marketing, 27(4), 5–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dichtl, E., Koeglmayr, H.-G., & Mueller, S. (1990). International orientation as a precondition for export success. Journal of International Business Studies, 21(1), 23–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donthu, N., & Kim, S. H. (1993). Implications of firm controllable factors on export growth. Journal of Global Marketing, 7(1), 47–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, S. P., & Craig, C. S. (1989). Evolution of global marketing strategy: Scale, scope and synergy. Columbia Journal of World Business, 24(3), 47–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, G., & Araujo, L. (1989). The network approach: An articulation. In L. Hall & J. Johanson (Eds.), Advances in international marketing. Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Santos, F. M. (2001). Knowledge-based view: A new theory of strategy? In A. Pettigrew, H. Thomas, & R. Whittington (Eds.), Handbook of strategy and management. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, R. M. (1981). Social exchange theory. In M. Rosenberg & R. H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives (pp. 30–65). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgaard, A., & Sharma, D. D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalization process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 337–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evangelista, F. U. (1994). Export performance and its determinants: Some empirical evidence from Australian manufacturing firms. In S. T. Cavusgil (Ed.), Advances in international marketing (pp. 207–229). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evangelista, F. U. (1996). Linking business relationships to marketing strategy and export performance: A proposed conceptual framework. Advances in International Marketing, 8, 59–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillis, I. (2000). An examination of the internationalisation process of the smaller craft firm in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Stirling, Scotland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillis, I. (2001). Small firm internationalisation: An investigative survey and future research directions. Management Decision, 39(9), 767–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, D., & Leonidou, L. (1991). Research developments in international marketing: A European perspective. In S. J. Paliwoda (Ed.), New perspectives on international marketing (pp. 3–32). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, J., & Collins-Dodd, C. (2004). Impact of export promotion programs on firm competencies, strategies and performance. International Marketing Review, 21(4), 474–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gemser, G., Brand, M. J., & Sorge, A. (2004). Exploring the internationalisation process of small businesses: A study of Dutch old and new economy firms. Management International Review, 44(2), 127–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gencturk, E. F., & Kotabe, M. (2001). The effect of export assistance program usage on export performance: A contingency explanation. Journal of International Marketing, 9(2), 51–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbing, D. W., & Hamilton, J. G. (1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 3, 62–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghauri, P., Lutz, C., & Tesfom, G. (2003). Using networks to solve export-marketing problems of small- and medium-sized firms from developing countries. European Journal of Marketing, 37(5), 728–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(Winter Special Issue), 108–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronhaug, K., & Lorentzen, T. (1983). Exploring the impact of governmental export subsidies. European Journal of Marketing, 17(2), 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haahti, A., Madupu, V., Yavas, U., & Babakus, E. (2005). Cooperative strategy, knowledge intensity and export performance of small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of World Business, 40(2), 124–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, R. D., & Wilson, H. I. M. (2003). The network model of internationalization and experiential knowledge. International Business Review, 12(6), 697–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S. J., Webb, J. R., & Jones, M. V. (1994). Export marketing research and the effect of export experience in industrial SMEs. International Marketing Review, 11(6), 4–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ifju, P. A., & Bush, R. J. (1994). Export assistance in the harwood lumber industry: An examination of awareness, use, and perceived benefit. Forest Products Journal, 44(6), 27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L. G. (1986). International marketing and internationalization processes: A network approach. In P. W. Turnbull & S. J. Paliwoda (Eds.), Research in international marketing. London: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L. G. (1988). Internationalization in industrial systems: A network approach. In P. Buckley & P. Ghauri (Eds.), Internationalization of the firm – A reader (pp. 303–321). London: International Thomson Business Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The internationalization process of firm – A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalization. International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1992). Management of foreign market entry. Scandinavian International Business Review, 1(3), 9–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (2003). Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalization process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 83–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (2006). Commitment and opportunity development in the internationalization process: A note on the Uppsala internationalization process model. Management International Review, 46(2), 165–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm-four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, V. K., Alahuta, M., & Jeannet, J.-P. (1992). Challenging the incumbents: How high technology start-ups compete globally. Journal of Strategic Change, 1, 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julian, C. C. (2003). Export marketing performance: A study of Thailand firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(2), 213–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julien, P. A., & Ramangalahy, C. (2003). Competitive strategy and performance of exporting SMEs: An empirical investigation of the impact of their export information search and competencies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27, 227–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, J. H., & Jin, B. (2007). Determinants of born global firm growth in the apparel industry: A Korean case. Journal of the Textile Institute, 98(2), 137–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsikeas, C. S., Piercy, N. F., & Ioannidis, C. (1996). Determinants of export performance in a European context. European Journal of Marketing, 30(6), 6–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedia, B. L., & Chhokar, J. (1986). Factors inhibiting export performance of firms: An empirical investigation. Management International Review., 26(4), 33–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirpalani, V. H., & MacIntosh, N. B. (1980). International marketing effectiveness of technology-oriented small firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(Winter), 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G. (1997). Emerging paradigm for international marketing: The born global firm. PhD Dissertation, Michigan State University, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G. (2000). Entrepreneurship and marketing strategy: The SME under globalization. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 12–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G., & Cavusgil, S. T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. In S. T. Cavusgil & T. K. Madsen (Eds.), Advances in international marketing (pp. 11–26). London: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh, A. C. (1991). Relationships among organizational characteristics, marketing strategy and export performance. International Marketing Review, 8(3), 46–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing insights from A to Z. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lages, L. F., & Montgomery, D. B. (2004). Export performance as an antecedent of export commitment and marketing strategy adaptation: Evidence from small and medium-sized exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 38(9), 1186–1214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lages, L. F., & Montgomery, D. B. (2005). The relationship between export assistance and performance improvement in Portuguese export venture: An empirical test of the mediating role of pricing strategy adaptation. European Journal of Marketing, 39(7/8), 755–784.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larimo J. and Pulkinnen J. (2002). Global orientation, competitive advantages and export strategies of different types of SMEs: Empirical evidence from Finland. 28th EIBA Conference, Athens, Greece, 8–10 December 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study of technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 615–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonidou, L. C., & Adams-Florou, A. S. (1999). Types and sources of export information: Insights from small business. International Small Business Journal, 17(3), 30–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonidou, L. C., & Katsikeas, C. S. (1997). Export information sources: The role of organizational and internationalization influences. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 5, 65–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S., & Samiee, S. (2002). Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: A meta-Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 55, 51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loane, S., & Bell, J. (2006). Rapid internationalization among entrepreneurial firms in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand: An extension to the network approach. International Marketing Review, 23(5), 467–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, T. K. (1989). Successful export marketing management: Some empirical evidence. International Marketing Review, 6(4), 41–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, T., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalisation of born globals: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahmood, S.A. (2002). How the Bangladesh garment industry took off in the early eighties: The role of policy reforms and diffusion of good practices, Alochona Magazine, Association of Economics and Development Studies of Bangladesh (AEDSB), 5 Nov 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malerba, F., & Orsenico, L. (2000). Knowledge, innovative activities and industrial evolution. Industrial and Corporate Change, 9(2), 289–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marandu, E. E. (1995). Impact of export promotion on export performance: A Tanzanian study. Journal of Global Marketing, 9(1/2), 9–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, W. (2003). Developing countries’ changing participation in world trade. The World Bank Research Observer, 18(2), 187–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAuley, A. (1999). Entrepreneurial instant exporters in the Scottish arts and Crafts sector. Journal of International Marketing, 7(4), 67–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, P., Shane, S., & Oviatt, B. (1994). Explaining the formation of international new ventures: The limits of theories from international business research. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(6), 469–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, R. D. (2003). The number of export markets that a firm serves: Process models versus the born-global phenomenon. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(3), 297–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, R., & Snow, C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, O. (2002). The born globals: A new generation of small European exporters. International Marketing Review, 19(2), 156–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, O., & Servias, P. (1997). The internationalization of born globals: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, O., & Servias, P. (2002). Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 49–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moini, A. H. (1995). An enquiry into successful exporting: An empirical investigation using a three-stage model. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(3), 9–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moini, A. H. (1998). Small firms exporting: How effective are government export assistance programs? Journal of Small Business Management, 36(1), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R. E., & Katsikeas, C. S. (1997). Obstacles to export initiation and expansion. Omega, International Journal of Management Science, 25, 677–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, G. M., & Prasad, V. K. (1994). Predictors of export strategy and performance of small- and medium-sized firms. Journal of Business Research, 31(1), 107–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namiki, N. (1994). A taxonomic analysis of export marketing strategy: An exploratory study of U.S. exporters of electronic products. Journal of Global Marketing, 8(1), 27–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nohria, N., & Eccles, R. G. (1992). Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Cass, A., & Julian, C. (2003). Examining firm and environmental influences on export marketing mix strategy and export performance of Australian exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 37(3), 366–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt, B., & McDougall, P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (1999). Accelerated internationalization: Why are new and small ventures internationalizing in greater numbers and with increasing speed? In R. Wright (Ed.), Research in global strategic management. Stanford, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, S., & Bae, Z.-T. (2004). New venture strategies in a developing country: Identifying a ­typology and examining growth patterns through case studies. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 81–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkhe, A., Wasserman, S., & Ralston, D. (2006). New frontiers in network theory development. The Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 560–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, B., & Pedersen, T. (1997). Twenty years after – Support and critique of the Uppsala internationalization model. In I. Bjorkman & M. Forsgren (Eds.), The nature of the international firm (pp. 117–134). Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, B., & Pedersen, T. (1999). Fast and slow resource commitment to foreign markets – What causes the difference? Journal of International Management, 5(2), 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prashantham, S. (2005). Toward a knowledge-based conceptualization of internationalization. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presutti, M., Boari, C., & Fratocchi, L. (2007). Knowledge acquisition and the foreign development of high-tech start-ups: A social capital approach. International Business Review, 16, 23–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quddus, M. (1993). Entrepreneurship in the apparel export industry of Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Business, 9(4), 24–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. D. (1980). A behavioural approach to export decision-making. In R. Bagozzi et al. (Eds.), Marketing in the 1980’s: Changes and challenges (pp. 265–269). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association Proceedings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. D. (1981). The decision-maker and export entry and expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 12, 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. D. (1983). Managerial and firm influences on export behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 11(3), 323–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. D. (1984). Information acquisition and export entry decisions in small firms. Journal of Business Research, 12, 141–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuber, A. R., & Fischer, E. (1997). The influence of the management team’s international experience on the internationalization behaviors of SMEs. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(4), 807–825.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripolles, M., Menguzzato, M., & Iborra, M. (2002). The internationalization of new ventures: The Spanish case. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 3(3), 191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, T., Wilkinson, I. F., & Johnston, W. J. (2004). Managing in complex business networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 33, 175–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, C., & Chetty, S. K. (2000). A contingency-based approach to understanding export performance. International Business Review, 9(2), 211–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoemaker, P. J. H., & Russo, J. E. (1993). A pyramid of decision approaches. California Management Review, 36(1), 9–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seringhaus, F. H. R. (1986a). The impact of government export marketing assistance. International Marketing Review, 3(2), 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seringhaus, F. H. R. (1986b). The role of information assistance in small firms’ export involvement. International Small Business Journal, 5(2), 26–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seringhaus, F. H. R., & Botschen, G. (1991). Cross-national comparison of export promotion services: The views of Canadian and Austrian companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 115–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seringhaus, F. H. R., & Rosson, P. J. (1991). Export development and promotion: The role of public organizations. Boston: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamsuddoha, A. K., & Ali, M. Y. (2006). Mediated effects of export promotion programs on firm export performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 93–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, D., & Blomstermo, A. (2003). The internationalization process of born globals: A network view. International Business Review, 12, 739–753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, D., & Johanson, J. (1987). Technical consultancy in internationalisation. International Marketing Review, 4, 20–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, T. O., & Czinkota, M. R. (1994). Factors associated with effective use of export assistance. Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 53–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solberg, C. A., & Durrieu, F. (2006). Access to networks and commitment to internationalization as precursors to marketing strategies in international markets. Management International Review, 46(1), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souchon, A. L., & Diamantopoulos, A. (1997). Use and non-use of export information: Some preliminary insights into antecedents and impact on export performance. Journal of Marketing Management, 13(1), 135–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souchon, A. L., & Durden, G. R. (2002). Making the most out of export information: An exploratory study of UK and New Zealand exporters. Journal of Euromarketing, 1528–6967(11/4), 65–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sousa, C. M. P., Martinez-Lopez, F. J., & Coelho, F. (2008). The determinants of export performance: A review of the research in the literature between 1998 and 2005. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(2), 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, M. (2003). International strategy formation in small Canadian high-technology companies – A case study approach. Journal of International Entrepreneurship., 1, 277–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stump, R. L., Athaide, G. A., & Axinn, C. N. (1998). The contingent effect of the dimensions of export commitment on exporting financial performance: An empirical examination. Journal of Global Marketing, 12(1), 7–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Styles, C. (1998). Export performance measures in Australia and the United Kingdom. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 12–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Styles, C., & Ambler, T. (1994). Successful export practice: The UK experience. International Marketing Review, 11(6), 23–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Styles, C., & Ambler, T. (2000). The impact of relational variables on export performance: An empirical investigation in Australia and the UK. Australian Journal of Management, 2(3), 261–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thirkell, P. C., & Dau, R. (1998). Export performance: Success determinants for New Zealand manufacturing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 32(9–10), 813–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichy, N. M., Tushman, M. L., & Fombrun, C. (1979). Social network analysis for organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 507–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toften, K. (2005). The influence of export information use on export knowledge and performance: Some empirical evidence. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 23(2/3), 200–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tookey, D. A. (1964). Factors associated with success in exporting. Journal of Management Studies, 1, 48–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., & Olsen, J. E. (2002). Knowledge, performance, and exporter satisfaction: An exploratory study. Journal of Global Marketing, 15(3), 39–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, D., Welch, L., Wilkinson, I. F., & Young, L. C. (1996). Network analysis of a new export grouping scheme: The role of economic and non-economic relations. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, 463–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, L.S., and Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1980). Domestic expansion: Internationalisation at home. Essays in International Business, The University of South Carolina (December), 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiedersheim-Paul, F., Olson, H. C., & Welch, L. S. (1978). Pre-export: The first step in internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 9(Spring/Summer), 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, I. F., Mattsson, L.-G., & Easton, G. (2000). International competitiveness and trade promotion policy from a network perspective. Journal of World Business, 35(3), 275–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodcock, P. C., Beamish, P. W., & Makino, S. (1994). Ownership-based entry mode strategies and international performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(2), 253–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, P. L., & Jeong, I. (1995). Contingency relationships between entrepreneurship, export channel structure and environment. European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 95–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yli-Renko, H., Autio, E., & Tontti, V. (2002). Social capital, knowledge and the international growth of technology-based new firms. International Business Review, 11, 279–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). International entrepreneurship: The current status of the field and future research agenda. In M. A. Hitt, R. D. Ireland, S. M. Camp, & D. L. Sexton (Eds.), Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (pp. 255–288). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zou, S., Andrus, D. M., & Norvell, D. W. (1997). Standardization of international marketing strategy by firms from a developing country. International Marketing Review, 14(2), 107–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zou, S., & Stan, S. (1998). The determinants of export performance: A review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997. International Marketing Review, 15(5), 333–356.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anisur R. Faroque .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Faroque, A.R., Takahashi, Y. (2012). The Impact of Export Assistance on “Born Globals”: An Integrative Network Perspective. In: Export Assistance: The Way Back and Forward. SpringerBriefs in Business. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1296-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics