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Designing Society

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Societal Dynamics

Part of the book series: Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management ((ITKM,volume 11))

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Abstract

We have been examining how history can validate or invalidate social theory. Marx, Lenin, and Stalin were certain they were right – that Marxist theory and communist ideology would be historically determinant and good for humanity. But historically, it turned out not so, neither determinate nor good for people. When no longer repressed by terror, the humanity in Europe (who had suffered under communist dictatorships) finally rejected communism. But was this merely a historical phenomenon of European society or was it more universal in global society?

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Notes

  1. 1.

    There are many histories of China, one that focuses particularly upon the transition between the Quing and modern China is Spence (1999a).

  2. 2.

    There are many biographies of Mao, including: Fenby (2008), MacFarquhar and Schoenhals (2006), Chang and Halliday (2005), Feigon (2002), Spence (1999b), Becker (1998), and Li (1996).

  3. 3.

    There are many books about the Long March, including: Shuyun (2006), Yang (1990), Salisbury (1985), and Wilson (1971).

  4. 4.

    There are many accounts of Mao’s mass movements, including Dikotter (2010) and Lieberthal (1995).

  5. 5.

    A biography of Peng is given in Domes (1985).

  6. 6.

    A biography of Liu is given in Dittmer (1974).

  7. 7.

    There are many biographies of Zhou, including: Gao (2008), Barnouin and Yu (2006), Han (1994), Lee (1994), and Wilson (1984).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

    Frederick Betz

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  1. Frederick Betz
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Correspondence to Frederick Betz .

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Betz, F. (2012). Designing Society. In: Societal Dynamics. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, vol 11. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1278-6_7

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