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Activation and Detoxification Enzymes pp 71–81Cite as

Genetic Variations in Metabolizing Enzymes

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Abstract

Foreign compounds to which humans are exposed undergo metabolic conversion mediated by metabolizing enzymes before they are eliminated from the body. Phase I activation enzymes catalyze oxidation, hydrolysis, and reduction reactions. The functionalized compounds then proceed with further reactions catalyzed by phase II detoxification enzymes, which generally convert functionalized foreign compounds into less reactive and water-soluble metabolites, thus facilitating their elimination from the organism. Advances in this area of research have revealed that many metabolizing enzymes exhibit genetic polymorphisms which play a crucial role in individual variations in response to foreign compound-mediated effects. Investigations of individual responsiveness to drugs or certain chemicals have shown considerable deviations, in part due to variations in the expressions of foreign compound metabolizing enzymes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA

    Chang-Hwei Chen Ph.D. (Professor, Institute for Health and the Environment Former Professor)

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  1. Chang-Hwei Chen Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Chang-Hwei Chen Ph.D. .

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Chen, CH. (2012). Genetic Variations in Metabolizing Enzymes. In: Activation and Detoxification Enzymes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1049-2_8

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