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Developmental Origins of and Covariation Between Metric and Nonmetric Cranial Traits

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Bones, Genetics, and Behavior of Rhesus Macaques

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Determination of how the underlying cause(s) of variation in metric and nonmetric skeletal traits compare has remained elusive despite active research (Bennett 1965 ; Berry and Berry 1967 ; Kellock and Parsons 1970; Rightmire 1972 ; Corruccini 1976 ; Cheverud et al. 1979 ; Cheverud and Buikstra 1982 ; Richtsmeier et al. 1984 ; Hartl et al. 1995 ). This question has been of particular importance to anthropologists trying to measure the biological or the genetic distance between populations, using fragmentary skeletal material (Berry and Berry 1967 ; Kellock and Parsons 1970 ; Rightmire 1972 ; Konigsberg 1988 ; Ishida and Dodo 1993 ; Prowse and Lovell 1996 ; González-José et al. 2001 ; Hallgrímsson et al. 2004, and others).

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Acknowledgments

We thank Qian Wang for organizing and inviting us to participate in the Bones, Genetics, and Behavior: Physical Anthropology at the Caribbean Primate Research Center symposium at the American Association of Physical Anthropology meetings in Chicago, IL. We thank the Caribbean Primate Research Center and the University of Puerto Rico for access to the macaque skulls. We thank all of the members of the Genomics of Cranial Morphology Consortium. Funding of this study was provided by NSF grants BCS 0522112, BCS 0523305, BCS 0523637, BCS 0725031, BCS 0725068, and BCS 0725227. This study was made possible, in part, by financial support from the National Institutes of Health Grant P40 RR003640 to the Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Katherine E. Willmore & Joan T. Richtsmeier

  2. School of Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-2402, USA

    Jane E. Buikstra

  3. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA

    James M. Cheverud

  4. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA

    James M. Cheverud

Authors
  1. Katherine E. Willmore
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  2. Jane E. Buikstra
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  3. James M. Cheverud
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  4. Joan T. Richtsmeier
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katherine E. Willmore .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Mercer University, College Street 1550, Macon, 31207-0001, Georgia, USA

    Qian Wang

Appendix

Appendix

Table A1 Metric correlation matrix using among-individual variance data
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Table A2 Metric correlation matrix using within-individual variance data
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Table A3 Nonmetric correlation matrix using among-individual variance data
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Table A4 Nonmetric correlation matrix using within-individual variance data
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Willmore, K.E., Buikstra, J.E., Cheverud, J.M., Richtsmeier, J.T. (2012). Developmental Origins of and Covariation Between Metric and Nonmetric Cranial Traits. In: Wang, Q. (eds) Bones, Genetics, and Behavior of Rhesus Macaques. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1046-1_3

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