Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Cranial Capacity and Craniofacial Morphology in Two Closely Related Primate Species

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Bones, Genetics, and Behavior of Rhesus Macaques

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Evolutionary change in a character is due to a combination of the direct effects of selection on that character and the indirect effects of selection on characters that are genetically correlated with the character in question (Lande and Arnold 1983 ; Cheverud 1996 ). Therefore, selection on a single component within a correlated unit will result in coordinated evolution of the entire complex (Lande 1979 ; Cheverud 1982, 1984 ; Falconer and MacKay 1996 ). Due to the ubiquity of phenotypic correlations among traits, natural selection appears to act on many characters simultaneously. However, genetic correlations among traits can pose constraints on phenotypic evolution because these correlations are capable of altering both the rate and direction of evolution from the optimal path defi ned by natural selection (Cheverud 1984 ; Wagner and Altenberg 1996 ). If traits that are inherited together ultimately evolve together, then the challenge in explaining the correlated appearance of particular characters and understanding coordinated evolution lies in identifying genetically integrated morphological traits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CC:

Cranial capacity

CFC:

Craniofacial complex

SNPRC:

Southwest National Primate Research Center

VCV:

Variance/covariance matrix

References

  • Ackermann RR (2005) Ontogenetic integration of the hominin face. J Hum Evol 48:175–197

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann RR, Cheverud JM (2002) Discerning evolutionary processes in patterns of tamarin (genus Saguinus) craniofacial variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:260–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann RR, Rogers J, Cheverud JM (2006) Identifying the morphological signatures of hybridization in primate and human evolution. J Hum Evol 51:632–645

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aiello LC, Wheeler P (1995) The expensive-tissue hypothesis: the brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Curr Anthropol 36:199–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almasy L, Blangero J (1998) Multipoint quantitative-trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet 62:1198–1211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackith RE, Reyment RA (1971) Multivariate morphometrics. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Blangero J, Williams JT, Almasy L (2001) Variance component methods for detecting complex trait loci. Adv Genet 42:151–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boughner JC, Wat S, Diewer VM, Young NM, Browder LW, Hallgrímsson B (2008) Short-faced mice and developmental interactions between the brain and the face. J Anat 213:646–662

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruner E (2007) Cranial shape and size variation in human evolution: structural and functional perspectives. Childs Nerv Syst 23:1357–1365

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1981) Epiphyseal union and dental eruption in Macaca mulatta. Am J Phys Anthropol 56:157–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1982) Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental morphological integration in the cranium. Evolution 36:499–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1984) Quantitative genetics and developmental constraints on evolution by selection. J Theor Biol 110:155–171

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1988) A comparison of genetic and phenotypic correlations. Evolution 42:958–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1995) Morphological integration in the saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) cranium. Am Nat 145:63–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM (1996) Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotrophy. Am Zool 36:44–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM, Buikstra JE (1981a) Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago: I. single trait heritabilities. Am J Phys Anthropol 54:43–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM, Buikstra JE (1981b) Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago: II. phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between traits. Am J Phys Anthropol 54:51–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheverud JM, Falk D, Vannier M, Konigsberg L, Helmkamp RC, Hildebolt C (1990) Heritability of brain size and surface features in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Hered 81:51–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Oliveira FB, Porto A, Marroig G (2009) Covariance structure in the skull of Catarrhini: a case of pattern stasis and magnitude evolution. J Hum Evol 56:417–430

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1996) Quantitative genetics. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish JL, Lockwood CA (2003) Dietary constraints on encephalization in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:171–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1977) Living new world primates (Platyrrhini) 1: with an introduction to primates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Konigsberg L, Cheverud J (1992) Uncertain paternity in primate quantitative genetic studies. Am J Primatol 27:133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lande R (1979) Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry. Evolution 33:402–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lande R, Arnold SJ (1983) The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37:1210–1226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman DE, Hallgrímsson B, Liu W, Parsons TE, Jamniczky HA (2008) Spatial packing, cranial base angulation, and craniofacial shape variation in the mammalian skull: testing a new model using mice. J Anat 212:720–735

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovsfold D (1988) Quantitative genetics of morphological differentiation in Peromyscus: II. analysis of selection and drift. Evolution 42:54–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch M, Walsh B (1998) Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Manly BFJ (1986) Multivariate statistical methods: a primer. Chapman & Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Marroig G, Cheverud JM (2001) A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of New World monkeys. Evolution 55:2576–2600

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marroig G, De Vivo M, Cheverud JM (2004) Cranial evolution in sakis (Pithecia, Platyrrhini) II: evolutionary processes and morphological integration. J Evol Biol 17:144–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNab BK, Eisenberg JF (1989) Brain size and its relation to the rate of metabolism in mammals. Am Nat 133:157–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mousseau TA, Roff DA (1987) Natural selection and the heritability of fitness components. Heredity 59:181–197

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Persing JA, Morgan EP, Cronin AJ, Wolcott WP (1991) Skull base expansion: craniofacial effects. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:1028–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawlins RG, Kessler MJ (1986) The history of the Cayo Santiago colony. In: Rawlins RG, Kessler MJ (eds) The Cayo Santiago macaques: history, behavior and biology. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, pp 13–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Richtsmeier JT, Aldridge K, DeLeon VB, Panchal J, Kane AA, Marsh JL, Yan P, Cole TM III (2006) Phenotypic integration of neurocranium and brain. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 306B:360–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roff DA (1995) The estimation of genetic correlations from phenotypic correlations: a test of Cheverud’s conjecture. Heredity 74:481–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers J, Kochunov P, Lancaster J, Shelledy W, Glahn D, Blangero J, Fox P (2007) Heritability of brain volume, surface area and shape: an MRI study in an extended pedigree of baboons. Hum Brain Mapp 28:576–583

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross C (1996) Adaptive explanation for the origins of Anthropoidea (Primates). Am J Primatol 40:205–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher GH (1997) Principles of skeletal growth. In: Dixon AD, Hoyte DAN, Ronning O (eds) Fundamentals of craniofacial growth. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiper ME, Young NM (2006) Primate molecular divergence dates. Mol Phylogenet Evol 41:384–394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan H, Baron G, Frahm HD (1988) Comparative size of brain and brain components. In: Steklis HD, Erwin J (eds) Comparative primate biology, vol 4, Neurosciences. Alan R. Liss, New York, pp 1–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AB, van Schaik CP (2007) Variation in brain size and ecology in Pongo. J Hum Evol 52:59–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner GP, Altenberg L (1996) Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50:967–976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xing J, Wang H, Han K, Ray DA, Huang CH, Chemnick LG, Stewart C, Disotell TR, Ryder OA, Batzer MA (2005) A mobile element based phylogeny of Old World monkeys. Mol Phylogenet Evol 37:872–880

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support from NSF grant BCS-0725068 and the Genomics of Cranial Morphology Project. We would like to thank Dr. Heather Lawson for computer programming support. This study was made possible, in part, by financial support from the National Institutes of Health Grant P40 RR003640 to the Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA

    Jessica L. Joganic & James M. Cheverud

  2. Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Katherine E. Willmore & Joan T. Richtsmeier

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Charles C. Roseman

  4. Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA

    Jeffrey Rogers

  5. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Jeffrey Rogers

  6. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA

    James M. Cheverud

Authors
  1. Jessica L. Joganic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine E. Willmore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Charles C. Roseman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Joan T. Richtsmeier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jeffrey Rogers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. James M. Cheverud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jessica L. Joganic .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Mercer University, College Street 1550, Macon, 31207-0001, Georgia, USA

    Qian Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Joganic, J.L., Willmore, K.E., Roseman, C.C., Richtsmeier, J.T., Rogers, J., Cheverud, J.M. (2012). Comparative Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Cranial Capacity and Craniofacial Morphology in Two Closely Related Primate Species. In: Wang, Q. (eds) Bones, Genetics, and Behavior of Rhesus Macaques. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1046-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation