Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) is the result of an absolute or relative insulin-deficient state that, if not corrected, gives rise to the acute metabolic decompensation of hyperglycemic crises so poignantly described above by Aretaeus of Cappodocia more than 1,800 years ago. The two major hyperglycemic crises are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). These two syndromes are the hallmark of insulin-deficient states. These crises continue to be important causes of mortality and morbidity among patients with diabetes. The annual incidence of DKA hospital admissions ranges from 4.6 to 8 episodes per 1,000 patients with diabetes. It is estimated that DKA accounts for 4–9% of all hospital admissions for patients diagnosed with diabetes, whereas this figure for HHS is less than 1% [2, 3].
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Kitabchi, A.E., Murphy, M.B. (2012). Consequences of Insulin Deficiency. In: Skyler, J. (eds) Atlas of Diabetes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1028-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1028-7_3
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