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Consequences of Insulin Deficiency

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) is the result of an absolute or relative insulin-deficient state that, if not corrected, gives rise to the acute metabolic decompensation of hyperglycemic crises so poignantly described above by Aretaeus of Cappodocia more than 1,800 years ago. The two major hyperglycemic crises are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). These two syndromes are the hallmark of insulin-deficient states. These crises continue to be important causes of mortality and morbidity among patients with diabetes. The annual incidence of DKA hospital admissions ranges from 4.6 to 8 episodes per 1,000 patients with diabetes. It is estimated that DKA accounts for 4–9% of all hospital admissions for patients diagnosed with diabetes, whereas this figure for HHS is less than 1% [2, 3].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Abbas E. Kitabchi PhD, MD, FACP, FACE (Professor of Medicine and Molecular Sciences) & Mary Beth Murphy RN, MS, CDE, MBA, CCRP (Research Nurse Director)

  2. Department of Immunology, Metabolism, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Abbas E. Kitabchi PhD, MD, FACP, FACE (Professor of Medicine and Molecular Sciences)

Authors
  1. Abbas E. Kitabchi PhD, MD, FACP, FACE
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  2. Mary Beth Murphy RN, MS, CDE, MBA, CCRP
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Correspondence to Abbas E. Kitabchi PhD, MD, FACP, FACE .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology,, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, Florida, USA

    Jay Skyler

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Kitabchi, A.E., Murphy, M.B. (2012). Consequences of Insulin Deficiency. In: Skyler, J. (eds) Atlas of Diabetes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1028-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1028-7_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1027-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1028-7

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