Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SePP) is a unique selenoprotein in many respects. It carries up to ten selenocysteine moieties, which have been inserted cotranslationally with the help of two separate SECIS elements in its mRNA. The majority of serum SePP is secreted by the liver where hepatocytes convert nutritional selenocompounds into SePP for transport and distribution. Therefore, serum concentration of SePP is a useful biomarker for the selenium status of an individual. Recently, two endocytic receptors, i.e., Lrp2/megalin and Lrp8/ApoE receptor 2, have been identified which participate in target cell-specific SePP uptake and retention. A SePP-cycle has been proposed based on a tissue-specific sequence of reversible biosynthesis, secretion, and reuptake. Brain, testes, and kidney appear to use the SePP-cycle in order to preserve tissue selenium in times of poor nutritional supply. In how far individual genotype differences and common disease signals impair this pathway and disturb normal selenium metabolism and its hierarchical distribution by affecting SePP biosynthesis, secretion of isoforms and reuptake is a central research issue in basic science and biomedicine.
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Acknowledgements
Work in the authors’ labs is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG: GraKo 1208/2, Scho 849/2-2) and German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe, 10-1792 Scho2, 108 426).
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Köhrle, J., Schweizer, U., Schomburg, L. (2011). Selenium Transport in Mammals: Selenoprotein P and Its Receptors. In: Hatfield, D., Berry, M., Gladyshev, V. (eds) Selenium. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1025-6_16
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