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Genome Gating in Tailed Bacteriophage Capsids

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Viral Molecular Machines

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 726))

Abstract

Tailed bacteriophages use a portal system for genome entry and exit from viral capsids. Here, we review the mechanisms how these movements are controlled by the genome gatekeeper that assembles at the portal structure. Phage DNA is packaged at high pressure inside the viral capsid by a powerful motor. The viral genome is translocated through the central channel of the portal protein found at a single vertex of the capsid. Packaging is normally terminated by endonucleolytic cleavage of the substrate DNA followed by disassembly of the packaging motor and closure of the portal system, preventing leakage of the viral genome. This can be achieved either by conformational changes in the portal protein or by sequential addition of proteins that extend the portal channel (adaptors) and physically close it preventing DNA exit (stoppers). The resulting connector structure provides the interface for assembly of short tails (podoviruses) or for attachment of preformed long tails (siphoviruses and myoviruses). The connector maintains the viral DNA correctly positioned for ejection that is triggered by interaction of the phage particle with bacterial receptors. Recent exciting advances are providing new molecular insights on the mechanisms that ensure precise coordination of these critical steps required both for stable viral genome packaging and for its efficient release to initiate infection.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Please note that some authors use the term “connector” to designate exclusively the portal protein.

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Acknowledgments

We are most thankful to Marie-Christine Vaney (Institut Pasteur, Paris) for the invaluable help to prepare Figs. 25.3–25.7. Work in our laboratories is supported by institutional funding from the CNRS (P.T and S.Z.-J.), the CEA (S.Z.-J.), the ANR grant “DNA Gating” (ANR-09-BLAN-0149-01), and the BBRSC (E.V.O.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UPR CNRS 3296, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Paulo Tavares

  2. IFR 115, Bâtiment 14B, CNRS, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Paulo Tavares

  3. Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale et Radiobiologie, iBiTec-S, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Sophie Zinn-Justin

  4. URA CNRS 2096, Bâtiment 144, CEA Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Sophie Zinn-Justin

  5. Crystallography and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, WC1E 7HX, London, UK

    Elena V. Orlova

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  1. Paulo Tavares
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  3. Elena V. Orlova
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Correspondence to Paulo Tavares .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biological Sciences, Purdue University, W. State St. 915, West Lafayette, 47907-2054, Indiana, USA

    Michael G. Rossmann

  2. Dept. Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, 20064, District of Columbia, USA

    Venigalla B. Rao

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Tavares, P., Zinn-Justin, S., Orlova, E.V. (2012). Genome Gating in Tailed Bacteriophage Capsids. In: Rossmann, M., Rao, V. (eds) Viral Molecular Machines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 726. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_25

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