Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Taxonomy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Beta maritima

  • 779 Accesses

Abstract

The high genetic variability and the presence of conspecific and interfertile wild and cultivated forms have made it difficult to adopt a stable systematic structure within the genus Beta. Further difficulties have been caused by the proliferation of synonyms and the confusion this has caused in the nomenclature, which has been reduced only slightly since Linné. The frequent errors in classification solely based on plant morphology are being reduced through the introduction of new molecular, DNA-based analyses. Consequently, because of our increasing ability to precisely establish differences or similarities among populations and genotypes, the taxonomy of genus Beta is becoming more accurate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The abbreviation Lob. ob. refers to de Lobel “Observationes sive stirpium historiae” (1576).

  2. 2.

    The grouping “sectio” (section) was introduced by Tournefort.

References

  • Aellen P (1938) Die orientalische Beta Arten. Ber Schweitz Bot Ges 48:408–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Aellen P (1967) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinbourgh University Press, Edinbourgh, UK, pp 296–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Aldrovandi (1551) http://www.sma.unibo.it/erbario/erbarioaldrovandi.aspx

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcangeli G (1882) Compendio della flora italiana. Ermanno Loescher, Torino, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Ascherson P, Graebner P (1919) Synopsis der mitteleuropaischen Flora. Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldacci A, de Toni E, Frati L, Ghigi A, Gortani M, Morini F, Ridolfi AC, Sorbelli A (1907) Intorno alla vita ed alle opere di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Libreria Treves di L, Beltrami, Bologna, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Barocka KH (1985) Zucker und Fütterrüben (Beta vulgaris L.). In: Hoffmann W, Mudra A, Plarre W (eds) Lehrbuch der Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanze, vol 2. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Germany, pp 245–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauhin G (1622) Catalougus plantarum circa Basileam sponte nascentium… etc. Thypis Johan Jacobi Genathii, Basel, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauhin G (1623) Pinax theatri botanici… etc. Sumptibus et typis Ludovici Regis, Basel, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Berti-Pichat C (1866) Corso teorico e pratico di agricoltura. Unione Tipografico-Editrice, Torino, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertoloni A (1837) Flora italica, vol 3. Typographeo Richardi Morii, Bologna, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Boissier E (1879) Flora orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegiptoas Indias fines. Georg, Apud H., Lyon, France & Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Burenin VI, Garvrilynk IP (1982) Systematics and phylogeny of the genus Beta L. rydy poPrikladnoi Botanike. Genetike i Selektsii 72:3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttler KP (1977) Revision von Beta Sektion Corollinae (Chenopodiaceae) I. Selbststerile Basisarten. Mitt Bot München 13:255–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell GKG (1984) Sugar beet. In: Simmonds NW (ed) Evolution of crop plants. Longmann, London, UK, pp 25–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Cesalpino A (1583) De plantis libri XVI. Apud Georgium Marescottum, Florence, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Coles W (1657) Adam in Eden or natures paradise. F Streater, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Coons GH (1954) The wild species of Beta. Proc ASSBT 8:142–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordus V (1551) Adinotationes in Dioscoridis de medica material libros. Apud Buil. Morelium, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist A (1988) The evolution and classification of flowering plants. Thomas Nelson, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Cupani F (1696) Hortus catholicus etc. Apud Franciscum Benzi, Naples, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale S (1730) The history and antiquities of Harwich and Dovercourt. C Davis and T Green, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis P (1937) Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • de Bock TSM (1986) The genus Beta: domestication, taxonomy and interspecific hybridization for plant breeding. Acta Horticulturae 182:335–343

    Google Scholar 

  • de Candolle A (1849) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetali. Librarierie de Victor Masson, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • de Commerell A (1778) Of the culture and use of Mangel Wurzel, or root of scarcity. Charles Dilly, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lobel M (1576) Plantarum seu stirpium historia… etc. Anterwep, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • de Tournefort JP (1700) Institutiones rei herbariae. Thypographia Regia, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries U (1905) Species and varieties. Open Court Publishing Co, Chicago, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wildeman E, Durand T (1899) Prodrome de Flore Belge. Alfred Castaigne Editeur, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Desfontaines R (1789) Flora atlantica. Blanchon, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernauld L (1945) Les espèces botanique du genre Beta. Publ IRBAB 13:219–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer HE (1989) Origin of the ‘Weisse Schlesische Rübe’ (white Silesian beet) and resynthesis of sugar beet. Euphytica 41:75–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Lloyd BV (2005) Taxonomy. In: Biancardi E, Campbell LG, Skaracis GN, De Biaggi M (eds) Genetics and breeding of sugar beet. Science, Enfield, NH, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Lloyd BV, Hawkes JG (1986) Weed beets, their origin and classification. Acta Horticulturae 82:399–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford-Lloyd BV, Williams ALS, Williams JT (1975) A revision of Beta section Vulgares (Chenopodiacea), with new light on the origin of cultivated beets. Bot J Linn Soc 71:89–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frese L (2003) Sugar beets and related wild species—from collecting to utilisation. In: Knüpffer H, Ochsmann J (eds) Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen. Band 22. Zentralstelle für Agrardokumentation und information (ZADI), Bonn, Germany pp 170–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandoger M (1910) Novus conspectus florae Europeae. Hermann et fils, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Germeier CU, Frese L (2004) The international databse for Beta. In: Frese L, Germeier CU, Lipman E, Maggioni L (eds) Report of a Working Group on Beta and World Beta Network. Second joint meeting, 23–26 Oct 2002, Bologna, Italy. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, pp 84–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Gesner K (1561) Simesusij Annotationes in Pedacij Dioscoridis, Anazarbei De medica materia Libros V : etc. add Excudebat Iosias Ribelius, Strasbourg, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene EL (1909) Linnaeus as an evolutionist. Proc Washington Acad Sci 9:17–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Gürke M (1897) Plantae europeae. W Engelmann, Paris, France & Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Heldreich J (1877) Pflanzen der Attische Ebene. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Helm J (1957) Versuche einer morphologisch-systematischer gliederung der Art Beta vulgaris L. Züchter 27:203–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohenacker M (1838) Pflanzen der Provinz Talish. Soc. Imp. Naturalists, Moscow, Russia

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohmann S, Kadereit JW, Kadereit G (2006) Understanding Mediterranean-Californian disjunctions: molecular evidence from Chenopodiaceae-Betoideae. Taxon 55:67–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hornemann LB (1819) Flora Taurico-Caucasica. Bieberstein, Charkov, Poland

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson BD (1881) Guide to the literature of botany; being classified selection of botanical works. Longmans & Green, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung C, Pillen K, Frese L, Fähr S, Melchinger AE (1993) Phylogenetic relationships between cultivated and wild species of the genus Beta revealed by DNA “fingerprinting”. Theor Appl Genet 86:449–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadereit G, Hohmann S, Kadereit JW (2006) A synopsis of Chenopodiaceae subfam. Betoideae and notes on the taxonomy of Beta. Willdenowia 36:9–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitaibl P, Waldstein F (1813) Descriptiones et icones plantarum rariorum Hungariae etc. Wilhelm Frick, Vienna, Austria

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koch K (1839) Das natürliche System des Pflanzenreichs. Hofhausen, Ben Karl, Jena, Germany

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koch J (1858) Synopsis florae Germanicae et Helveticae, 3rd edn. Sumptibus Gebhardt et Reisland, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Komarnitsky IK, Samoylov AM, Red’ko VV, Peretyayko VG, Gleba YuYu (1990) Intraspecific diversity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) mitochondrial DNA. Theor Appl Genet 80:253–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krasochkin VT (1959) Review of the species of the genus Beta. Trudy Po Prikladnoi Botanike. Genetik i Selektsii 32:3–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuntze O (1891) Revisio plantarum. Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange W, Brandenburg WA, de Bock TSM (1999) Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Bot J Linn Soc 130:81–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ledebour CF (1846) Flora rossica, sive enummeratio plantarum etc. Sumptibus Librariae ESchweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenz HO (1869) Botanik der alten Griechen und Römer. Verlag Von Thienemann, Gotha, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Letschert JPW (1993) Beta section Beta: biogeographical patterns of variation, and taxonomy. Dissertation. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers 93–1, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Letschert JPW, Lange W, Frese L, van Der Berg RG (1994) Taxonomy of Beta selection Beta. J Sugar Beet Res 31:69–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linnè C (1735) Systema Naturae. Typie et Sumptibus Io Iac Curt Halae Magdeburgicae, Halle, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnè C (1753) Species plantarium exhibentes plantas rite cognitas…etc., 1st edn. Stockholm, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld R (1959) Vorlaufiges Verzeichnis landwirtschaftlich oder gartnerish Pflanzenarten. Kulturpflanze 2:38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschall P (1819) Flora taurico-caucasica, vol 1. Charkov, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Mglinets AV (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of genus Beta species based on the chloroplast trnK (matK) gene intron sequence information. Doklady Biochem Biophys 420:135–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mita G, Dani M, Casciari P, Pasquali A, Selva E, Minganti C, Piccardi P (1991) Assessment of the degree of genetic variation in beet based on RFLP analysis and the taxonomy of Beta. Euphytica 55:1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moquin Tandon A (1840) Chenopodearum monographica enumeratio. J-P Loss, Paris, France

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Morison R (1715) Plantarum historiae universalis oxoniensis. Apud PI Vaillant, Oxford, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutel A (1836) Flore française destinée aux herborizations ou descriptions des plantes. Levrault, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson J (1655) Matthiae de L’Obel Stirpium Illustrationes. Warren, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Radde A (1866) Reisen an der Persisch-russischen Grenze. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray J (1690) Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum…etc. Apud Samuel Smith, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray J (1693) Historia plantarum generalis. Smith & Walford, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichenbach L, Reichenbach HG (1909) Icones florae Germanicae et Helveticae. Sumptibus Federici de Zezschwitz, Lipisia, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Roxburgh W (1832) Flora indica or description of Indian plants. W. Thacker, Calcutta, India

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Saint Hilaire A (1772) La flore et la pomone Française. Printed by the Author, Paris, France

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Santoni S, Bervillè A (1992) Two different satellite DNAs in Beta vulgaris L.: evolution, quantification and distribution in the genus. Theor Appl Genet 84:1009–1016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott AJ, Ford Lloyd BV, Williams JT. (1977) Patellifolia, nomen novum (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 26:284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Newbury HJ, Ford-Lloyd BV (1996) The taxonomic characterisatoin of annual Beta germplasm in a genetic resources collection using RAPD markers. Euphytica 91:205–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Newbury HJ, Ford-Lloyd BV (1998) Identification of taxa in the genus Beta using ITS1 sequence information. Plant Mol Bio Rep 16:147–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steudel E (1871) Nomenclator Botanicus…etc. Sumptibus LG Cottae, Stuttgard and Tubinga, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes J (1812) A botanical materia medica etc. J Johnson, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Thulin, M, Rydberg A, Thiede J (2010) Identity of Tetragonia pentandra and taxonomy and distribution of Patellifolia (Chenopodiaceae) Willdenowia 40:5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilli MA (1723) Catalogus plantarum horti pisani. Tartino & Franchi, Florence, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Tranzshel VA (1927) Obzor vida roda Beta. Trudy prikl. Bot Genet Selek 17:203–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Trehane P, Brickell CD, Baum BR, Hetterscheid WLA, Leslie AC, McNeil J, Spongberg SA, Vrugtman F (1995) International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants—1995 (ICNCP or Cultivated plant code). Quarterjack, Wimbourne, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burgess NA, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA (1964) Flora Europaea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulbrich E (1934) Chenopodiaceae. In: Engler A, Harms H (eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp 375–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentini CB (1715) Tournefortius contractus sub forma tabularum. Cum Laboratorio Parisiensi Frankfurt, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Villain S (2007) Histoire evolutive de la section Beta. Dissertation Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France

    Google Scholar 

  • von Lippmann EO (1925) Geschichte der Rübe (Beta) als Kulturpflanze. Verlag Julius Springer, Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • von Proskowetz E (1896) Über die Culturversuche mit Beta im Jahre 1895. und über Beobachtungen an Wildformen auf naturlichen Standorten. Österreiche-Ungarische Zeitschrift für Zuckerindustrie und Landwirtschaft 33:711–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Willdenow KL (1707) Species plantarum exibentes plantas rite cognitas…etc. Nauck, Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Zossimovitch V (1934) Especies et formes sauvages du genre Beta d’apres de nouvelle recherches effectues dans l’U.R.S.S. Compte Rendus de l’IIRB, 110–112

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rovigo Station, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Rome, Italy

    Enrico Biancardi

  2. Crop Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Leonard W. Panella Ph.D.

  3. Crop Improvement & Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, USA

    Robert T. Lewellen Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Enrico Biancardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Leonard W. Panella Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Robert T. Lewellen Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Enrico Biancardi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Biancardi, E., Panella, L.W., Lewellen, R.T. (2012). Taxonomy. In: Beta maritima. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation