Hawaii Chapter Summary
Salzman examines the development of ethnocultural tolerance in Hawaii as a potential model for the intentional creation of optimal intergroup contact. Various theoretical lenses are utilized to examine the progression from initial cultural conflict to relative harmony. Values inherent in Hawaiian culture are also explored as they have impacted the current cultural context.
Hawaii is recognized as unique in many respects including in its ecology, geography, and ethnic diversity. While Salzman points out that some cultural conflict is still present in Hawaii, cultural relations are largely reflective of the Hawaiian value of “Aloha Spirit” which is credited with affecting acceptance of the various cultures represented. The high rate of intermarriage in Hawaii is also discussed as it positively impacts cultural tolerance.
A historical overview of the colonization of Hawaii is provided and Terror Management Theory (TMT) applied to explore the mechanisms through which the loss of native culture creates a state in which conflict is imminent. The labor movement is presented as a catalyst which shifted Hawaii from conflict, through creation of a superordinate identity based on common goals. Salzman presents this shift as the beginning of “local” culture which is inclusive of individuals sharing common values and language.
Salzman concludes with a discussion of various theoretical models applicable to cultural contact. Factors that create conflict are examined along with those that enhance mutual appreciation. A potential solution to conflict styles of contact is provided which includes the intentional creation of specific conditions such as those exhibited in Hawaii. Hope for a future of people united in a common goal is proff.
Cheryl Jorgensen
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Salzman, M. (2012). Ethnocultural Conflict and Cooperation in Hawai‘i. In: Landis, D., Albert, R. (eds) Handbook of Ethnic Conflict. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0448-4_2
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