Frictions Between Muslims and Non-Muslims in the Netherlands

Netherlands Chapter Summary

Van Oudenhoven describes the current population demographics in the Netherlands, with specific attention to the increasing number of Muslims who have entered the country, largely from Turkey and Morocco. Cultural differences are examined and similarities identified in an effort to provide suggestions for more harmonious relations.

Polarization is presented as the means by which the Dutch historically and currently manage relations among different groups. The author recognizes that although past conflicts have been largely avoided, the degree of cultural difference between Muslims and the Dutch creates a more challenging situation such that earlier methods to resolve inconsonance are not effective. The sense of threat which followed the incidents of 9/11 is interpreted to have exacerbated negative attitudes toward Islamic immigrants.

Application of the similarity-attraction hypothesis is utilized to explain the existent ethnic hierarchy in the Netherlands, which places Islamic groups in the lowest level. Suggestions are offered to increase attraction by encouraging contact, inclusion in a superordinate group, and educating individuals to mediate differences. Van Oudenhoven also identifies the use of mutual virtues as a means to enhance integration.

The presence of religious freedom, equality, and freedom of expression in the Netherlands is surmised to create optimal conditions for positive intergroup relations. The author submits evidence that some positive changes have already occurred in politics, art, employment, higher education, and a new form of Dutch Islam which exhibits an integration of cultures.

Cheryl Jorgensen