Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ethnocultural Conflict in Uganda: Politics Based on Ethnic Divisions Inflame Tensions Across the Country

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Ethnic Conflict

Part of the book series: International and Cultural Psychology ((ICUP))

Uganda Chapter Summary

Kibanja, Kajumba, and Johnson describe the ethnocultural conflicts currently occurring in the various regions of Uganda whose population includes over 40 different ethnic groups. Broad reasons presented for these conflicts include competition for resources and positions of power which are traced back to colonial history when tribal divisions became more pronounced. The authors delineate the various conflicts for political power that have occurred since independence, and associated factors and consequences.

Social Identity Theory is applied to explore causes of increasing differentiation between groups. Ethnicity is presented as the socially constructed overarching identity to which individuals ascribe; however, beyond this tribal identification, three major religions are recognized as creating further divisions. The authors emphasize several dichotomous stereotypes which are increasing a sense of hatred between groups.

Cultural and structural theories are utilized to explain the contributing factors in the conflicts, specifically poor political leadership, kingdoms mobilizing in protest along ethnic lines, religious influence in politics, and competition for minimal resources. Attempts at resolution are analyzed in each of the major regions, and notable positive acts along with reasons for their failure are provided.

Benefits of ethnic identification are mentioned particularly with regard to mental health and social support, although risks are also noted. Kibanja, Kajumba, and Johnson suggest that optimal intercultural relations can be achieved by developing ethnic identity while sharing a common goal. Suggestions for change in specific areas are offered, and the need for research in order to achieve optimal results is noted. Obtaining counsel from community leaders and working within African values are presented as important steps toward creating group cohesion with appreciation of differences.

Cheryl Jorgensen

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrams, D. (1997). Analyses of the complex reactions to the death of DIANA Princess of Wales. The Psychologist, 10(11), 500–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allport, G. W. (1958). The nature of prejudice (abridged). Garden City, NY: Double Day.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aponte, J. F., & Johnson, L. R. (2000). The impact of culture on intervention and treatment of ethnic populations. In J. F. Aponte & J. Wohl (Eds.), Psychological intervention and cultural diversity (2nd ed., pp. 18–39). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranga, D. (2004). Forest fragmentation and primates’ survival status in non-reserved forests of the ‘Kampala area’, Uganda. African Ecology, 42, 70–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., & Mannes, M. (2003). Developmental strengths and their sources: Implications for the study and practice of community building. In R. M. Lerner, F. Jacobs, & D. Wertlieb (Eds.), Handbook of applied developmental science (pp. 369–406). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boddy-Evans, A. (2003). Biography: Idi Amin Dada. Despotic president of Uganda in the 1970s. About.com Guide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, P., Wilks, C., & Ndogoni, L. (2004). Assessment of depression prevalence in rural Uganda using symptom and function criteria. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(6), 442–447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (2004). Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butagira, T. (2010, March 20). What next for Buganda?. Saturday Monitor, pp. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chawla, L. (2002). The effects of political and economic transformations on children. In N. H. Kaufman & I. Rizzini (Eds.), Globalization and children: Exploring potentials for enhancing opportunities in the live of children and youth (pp. 91–98). New York: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheney, K. (2007). Pillars of the nation: Child citizens and Ugandan national development. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIA World Factbook. (2009). The World factbook: Uganda. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

  • Clark, J. F. (2002). Uganda: Self-determination conflict profile for foreign policy in focus website. Available at http://www.selfdetermine.org/conflicts/uganda.html. (Posted January 2002).

  • Collison, R. L. (1981). World bibliographical series (Uganda, Vol. 11). Great Britain: Clio Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decalo, S. (1990). Coup and army rule in Africa: motivation and constraints. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng, F. M. (1996). Identity in Africa’s internal conflicts. American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 46–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovido, J. F. (2000). On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The third wave. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 829–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elbadawi, E., & Sambanis, N. (2000). Why are there so many civil wars in Africa? Understanding and preventing violent conflict. African Economics, 9, 244–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairhead, J. (2000). The conflict over natural and environmental resources. In E. W. Nafziger, F. Stewart, & R. Vayrynen (Eds.), War, hunger and displacement: The origins of humanitarian emergencies (pp. 147–178). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearon, J. (2003). Ethnic and cultural diversity by country. Journal of Economic Growth, 8, 195–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, C., & Faison, N. (2001). Youth civic development: Implications of research for social policy and programs. Social Policy Report: A Publication of the Society for Research in Child Development, 15, 3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, G. (1995). The demographic backdrop to ethnic conflict: A geographic overview. In Central Intelligence Agency (Ed.), The challenge of ethnic conflict to national and international order in the 1990s (pp. 151–154). Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertzel, C. (1980). Uganda after Amin: The continuing search for leadership and control. African Affairs, 79(317), 461–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM). (2005). Migration in an interconnected world: New directions for action. Report of the Global Commission on International Migration (pp. 1–98). Geneva: GCIM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gourevitch, P. (1998). We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families. New York: Picador.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, E. D. (2007). Demography, diversity and nativism in contemporary Africa: Evidence from Uganda, in nations and nationalism. Journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, 13, 717–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, E. D. (2009). Demographic change and conflict in contemporary Africa. Paper presented at a conference on Demography and security: The politics of popular change. Weatherhead Centre for International Affairs, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudykunst, W. B. (1995). Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In R. Wiseman (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 8–58). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, T. R. (2000). Peoples versus States: Minorities at risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habyarimana, J., Humphrey, M., Posner, D., & Weinstein, J. (2008). Is ethnic conflict inevitable? Parting ways over nationalism and separatism. Foreign Affairs, 87(4), 138–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S., & Hamilton, M. (2004). The youth development handbook: Coming of age in American communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, H. B. (1977). Ethnicity and the military in Uganda. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, D., Atkins, R., Markey, P., & Youniss, J. (2004). Youth bulges in communities: The effects of age structure on adolescent civic knowledge and civic participation. Psychological Science, 15, 591–597.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social Identity, health and well-being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, G., & Mare, G. (1997). Ethnicity: Between the real and the imagined. Unpublished Paper, Department of Psychology, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hein, G., Silani, G., Preuschoff, K., Batson, C., & Singer, T. (2010). Neural responses to ingroup and outgroup members’ suffering predict individual differences in costly helping. Neuron, 68(1), 149–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helms, J. E. (1990). Black and White racial identity: Theory, research and practice. New York: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilker, L. M. (2009). Everyday ethnicities: Identity and reconciliation among Rwandan youth. Journal of Genocide Research, 11, 81–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horenczyk, G., & Nisan, M. (1996). The actualization balance of ethnic identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(4), 836–843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, D. L. (2000). Ethnic groups in conflict (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, D. L. (2001). The deadly ethnic riot. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • HURIPEC. (2003). The hidden war: the forgotten people. War in Acholiland and its ramifications for peace and security in Uganda. Uganda, October 30, Retrieved August 14, 2010, from http://www.huripec.ac.ug

  • Imtiyaz, A. R. M., & Stavis, B. (2008). Ethnopolitical conflicts in Srilanka. Journal of Third World Studies, 25(2), 135–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., & Solheim, E. (2009). To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58(1), 105–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. R., Bastien, G., & Hirschel, M. (2009). Psychotherapy in a culturally diverse world. In S. Eshun & R. Gurung (Eds.), Culture and mental health: Sociocultural influences, theory, and practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. R., & Johnson-Pynn, J. (2007). Cultivating compassion and youth action around the globe: A preliminary report on Jane Goodall’s Roots and Shoots Program. Journal of Youth Development: Bridging Research and Practice, 2(2), #0702FA002. Available at http://www.nae4ha.org

  • Johnson, L. R., Kim, E. H., Pynn, J., Schulenberg, S., & Balagaye, H., & Lugumya, D. (2011) Ethnic identity, self-efficacy and intercultural attitudes in East African and U.S. youth. Journal of Adolescent Research. doi 10.1177/0743558411412955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. R., & Sandhu, D. S. (2010). Treatment planning in a multicultural context. In M. Leach & J. Aten (Eds.), Culture & the therapeutic process: A guide for mental health professionals. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. R., Mayanja, K. M., Bangirana, P., & Kizito, S. (2009). Contrasting concepts of depression in Uganda: Implications for service delivery in a multicultural context. Journal of Orthospsychiatry, 79, 275–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Pynn, J. S., & Johnson, L. R. (2005). Successes and challenges in East African conservation education. Journal of Environmental Education, 36, 25–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Pynn, J. S., & Johnson, L. R. (2010). Exploring environmental education for East African youth: Do program contexts matter? Children, Youth and Environments, 20(1), 123–151. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye/

  • Kasfir, N. (1976). The shrinking political arena: Participation and ethnicity in African politics, with a case study of Uganda. Berkeley,CA: University of California Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasooba, I. (2010, April 01). Kibaale District to be split. New Vision. Retrieved from August 23, 2010, from http://www.newvision.co.ug

  • Kasozi, A. B. K. (1999). The social origins of violence in Uganda. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. (1999). The interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian national identities: The role of the other in existential conflicts. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 581–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kibanja, G. M. (1999). The relative influence of value priorities, ethnicity and worries in the determination of political party affiliation amongst Ugandan University Students. Unpublished Masters thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiggundu, E. (2010, October 25). Forces behind CBS reopening. The Observer, pp. 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Kintu-Nyago, C. (1996). Defining governance in Uganda in a changing world order: 1962 – 1994. Unpublished Masters thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlands, B. (1977). Students and politics in Uganda. African Affairs, 76, 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lautze, S. (2007). Research on Violent Institutions in Unstable Environments: The livelihoods systems of Ugandan army soldiers and their families in a war zone. Hertford College, Oxford University. Retrieved 12 June 2007, from http://www.livesandlivelihoods.com.

  • Legum, C. (Ed.). (1972–1973) African contemporary record, 5. Holmes & Meier Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 34–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Library of Congress Country Studies. (December, 1990). Uganda: The Second Obote Regime: 1981–1985. New York: Library of Congress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Limber, S. P., & Kaufman, N. H. K. (2002). Civic participation in children and youth. In N. H. Kaufman & I. Rizzini (Eds.), Globalization and children: Exploring potentials for enhancing opportunities in the lives of children and youth (pp. 81–90). New York: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofchie, M. F. (1972). The Uganda coup – Class action by the military. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 10(1), 19–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, D. A. (1962). Political parties in Uganda 1949–1962. University of London: The Athlone Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maathai, W. (2008). Tribal clashes, healing and reconciliation; how and when? Retrieved July 25, from http://www.greenbeltmovement.org

  • Mamdani, M. (1976). Politics and class formation in Uganda. London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marblestone, C. (2005) The History of Uganda. Prepared for web by Harold Marcuse on12/6/05; last updated: 12/14/05

    Google Scholar 

  • Mio, J. S., Barker-Hackett, L., & Tumambing, J. (2008). Multicultural psychology: Understanding our diverse communities. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • MISR. (1987). Uganda: International seminar on internal conflict. Kampala: Institute of Social Research, Makerere University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudoola, D. M. (1996). Religion, ethnicity, and politics in Uganda. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mujaju, A. B. (1974). Youth action and political development. Unpublished DPhil. Thesis, Columbia University, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukyala-Makiika, R. (2000). Traditional leaders in the decentralization process civil society, indigenous populist institutions and implications for political reforms in Uganda. In K. K. Prah & A. G. M. Ahmed (Eds.), Africa in transformation: Political and economic transformation and socio-political responses in Africa (pp. 63–82). Addis Ababa: OSSREA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museveni, Y. (1997). Sowing the mustard seed: The struggle for freedom and democracy in Uganda. Oxford. UK: Macmillan Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museveni asattira. (2010, April 02). Kamunye, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museveni, Y. K. (7 April 1987) ‘Speech on the opening of the national resistance council session at the national assembly’, Kampala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museveni, Y. K. (MISR, 1987:20) Stereotypes as sources of conflict in Uganda. Justus NIL, gaju. Editorial Consultant/BMG Wordsmith, Kampala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Museveni. Y. K. (October 9, 1987). Address to the Nation on the Anniversary of Uganda’s Independence Day Celebrations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musoke, C. (2010, March 21). Kasubi rumours anger Museveni. New Vision. Retrieved August 27, 2010, from http://www.newvision.co.ug.

  • Mutibwa, P. (1992). Uganda since independence: a story of unfulfilled hopes. London: Christopher Hurst and company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers-Lipton, S. J. (1996). Effect of service learning on college students’ attitudes toward international understanding. Journal of College Student Development, 37, 659–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabudere, D. W. (2009, October 6). Ethnicity and conflict in Uganda: Is national consensus possible? The Monitor. Retrieved March 28, 2010, from http://www.monitor.co.ug

  • Nagel, J. (1995). Resource competition theories. American Behavioral Scientist, 38(3), 442–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naughton-Treves, L., & Chapman, C. A. (2002). Fuel wood resources and forest regeneration on fallow land in Uganda. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 14, 19–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nye, J. (2008). The powers to lead. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obore, D. (2009). Attitudes and beliefs about peace building and restoration in Northern Uganda. Unpublished Dissertation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okino, P. (2010, May 13). Hunt for Kony to continue – Kiyonga. New Vision, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oloka-Onyango, J. (1995). Constitutional transitions in Museveni’s Uganda: New horizons or another false start? Journal of African Law, 39(2), 158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oloka-Onyango, J.(2006, August 1). Oloka responds to the president on term limits. New Vision, 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omach, P. (2009). Democratization and conflict resolution in Uganda. Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’est, 41, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otunnu, O. (2002). Northern Uganda: Causes and consequences of the war in Acholiland. Conciliation Resources (CR). http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/northern-uganda/causes-dynamics.php

  • Ovuga, E., Boardman, J., & Wasserman, D. (2005). The prevalence of depression in two districts of Uganda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(6), 439–435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J., Jacoby, B., & Silva, C. (2007). Positive intergroup attitudes: The role of ethnic identity. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 478–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pittinsky, T. L., Montoya, R. M., Tropp, L. R., & Chen, A. (2007). How and when leader behavior affects intergroup liking: affect, approval, and allophilia. In B. Mannix, M. Neal, & C. Anderson (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Affect and groups (pp. 125–144). Oxford, England: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittinsky, T. L. (2010). A two-dimensional model of intergroup leadership: The case of national leadership. American Psychologist, 65, 194–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pittinsky, T. L., Montoya, R. M., Tropp, L. R., & Chen, A. (2007). How and when leader behavior affects intergroup liking: affect, approval, and allophilia. In B. Mannix, M. Neal, & C. Anderson (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Affect and groups (pp. 125–144). Oxford, England: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Population and Housing Census Report. (2002). Uganda Bureau of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prunier, G. (1995). The Rwanda crisis: History of genocide. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reljic, D. (2004). The news media and the transformation of ethno political conflicts. Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management. http://www.berghof-handbook.net.

  • Roccas, S., & Schwartz, S. H. (1993). Effects of intergroup similarity on intergroup relations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 581–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rusesabagina, P. (2006). An ordinary man. New York, NY: Penguin Group. Saleh offers CBS lifeline. (2009, December 09). The Observer. Retrieved March 24, 2010, from http://www.observer.ug/new

  • Saxton, G. D. (2005). Repression, grievances, mobilization, and rebellion: a new test of Gurr’s model of ethno political rebellion. International Interactions, 31, 87–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scales, P. C., Benson, P. L., & Leffert, N. (2000). Contribution of developmental assets to the prediction of thriving among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 4, 27–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segall, M. H., Doornbos, M., & Davis, C. (1976). Political Identity: A case study from Uganda. New York: Maxwell School of Citizen & Public Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senabulya, R. (2009). Peace building and resettlement in northern Uganda: A case of Gulu district. Kampala, Uganda: Unpublished Dissertation, Makerere University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharlet, J. (September, 2010). Straight man’s burden: The American roots of Uganda’s anti-gay persecutions. Harper’s Magazine, 36–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, B., Kulla, C., & Zobel, M. (1995). On being more than just a part of the whole: Regional identity and social distinctiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 325–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. P., Walker, K., Fields, L., Brookins, C. C., & Seay, R. (1999). Ethnic identity and its relationship to self-esteem, perceived efficacy and prosocial attitudes in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 867–880.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ssekika, E. (2009, September, 07). Speake Runyoro, Museveni now orders Bafuruki.The Observer. Retrieved March 28, 2010, from http://www.monitor.co.ug

  • Stacey, T. (2003). Tribe: The hidden history of the mountains of the moon. London: Binder and Stacey International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Syahuka, M. (1983). The origin and development of the Rwenzururu movement:1900–1962. Mawazo, 5(2), 60–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teichman, Y., Bar-Tal, D., & Abdolrazeq, Y. (2007). Intergroup biases in conflict: Re-examination with Arab pre-adolescents and adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(5), 423–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenywa, G. (2007, April). Climate change hits Uganda. New Vision,22(84).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. H. (1989). Theories of ethnicity: A critical appraisal. New York: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tim, A. (2006). Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. San Francisco, CA: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tusiime, R. (2010, June, 17). Religious leaders move to stem violence in Kibaale district. Monitor. Retrieved August 21, 2010, from http://www.monitor.co.ug

  • United Nations. (2009). The millennium development goals report 2009. New York: United Nations Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinck, P., Pham, P. M., Stover, E., & Weinstein, H. M. (2007). Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in Northern Uganda. JAMA, 298(5), 543–554.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winstok, Z. (2010). The effect of social and situational factors on the intended response to aggression among adolescents. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(1), 57–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Worrell, F. C., Conyers, L. M., Mpofu, E., & Vandiver, B. J. (2006). Multigroup ethnic identity measure scores in a sample of adolescents from Zimbabwe. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 6, 35–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, X., Zuo, X., Wang, X., & Han, S. (2009). Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(26), 8525–8529.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeo, G. A. (2001). Prevention and Intervention of Ethno political Conflict. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (109th, San Francisco, CA, August 24–28).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

    Grace M. Kibanja

  2. School of Psychology, Makerere University, 7062, Kampala, Uganda

    Mayanja M. Kajumba

  3. University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA

    Laura R. Johnson

Authors
  1. Grace M. Kibanja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mayanja M. Kajumba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Laura R. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura R. Johnson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Psychology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, W. Kawili 200, Hilo, 96720, Hawaii, USA

    Dan Landis

  2. Dept. Communication Studies, University of Minnesota, Church St. SE., 224, Minneapolis, 55455, Minnesota, USA

    Rosita D. Albert

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kibanja, G.M., Kajumba, M.M., Johnson, L.R. (2012). Ethnocultural Conflict in Uganda: Politics Based on Ethnic Divisions Inflame Tensions Across the Country. In: Landis, D., Albert, R. (eds) Handbook of Ethnic Conflict. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0448-4_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation