Skip to main content

Performance on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT in Children with Developmental Disabilities and in Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation

Abstract

In this chapter we will apply profile analysis to data from the Word Memory Test (WMT, Green, 2005 Green, Allen, & Astner, 1996; Green & Astner, 1995), the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT, Green, 2004), and the Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT, Green, 2008) in several hundred developmentally disabled children tested consecutively under clinical conditions. We will then compare the results from these impaired children with results on the same tests from adults with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), who were involved in compensation or disability claims. Before we describe the study, however, it is important to contrast the current method with the main alternative approach to the validation of symptom validity tests (SVTs) and to summarize what has been learned to date.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allen, M., Bigler, E., Larsen, J., Goodrich-Hunsaker, N., & Hopkins, R. (2007). Functional neuroimaging evidence for high cognitive effort on the Word Memory Test in the absence of external incentives. Brain Injury, 21(13–14), 1425–1428.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 379–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, S. C., Shores, E. A., & Mathias, J. L. (2006). Does effort suppress cognition after traumatic brain injury? A re-examination of the Word Memory Test. Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 858–872.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockhaus, R., & Merten, T. (2004). Neuropsychologische Diagnostik suboptimalen Leistungsverhaltens mit dem Word Memory Test. Nervenarzt, 75(9), 882–887.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carone, D. (2008). Children with moderate/severe brain damage/dysfunction outperform adults with mild to no brain damage on the Medical Symptom Validity Test. Brain Injury, 22(12), 960–971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doane, B., & Salekin, K. (2009). Susceptibility of current adaptive behavior measures to feigned deficits. Law and Human Behavior, 33(4), 329–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flaro, L., Green, P., & Robertson, E. (2007). Word Memory Test failure 23 times higher in mild brain injury than in parents seeking custody: The power of external incentives. Brain Injury, 21(4), 373–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich-Hunsaker, N., & Hopkins, R. (2009). Word memory test performance in amnesic patients with hippocampal damage. Neuropsychology, 23, 529–534.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. (2004). Manual for the medical symptom validity test. Edmonton: Green’s Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. (2005, revised 2003). Manual for the Word Memory Test. Edmonton: Green’s Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. (2008). Manual for the nonverbal medical symptom validity test. Edmonton: Green’s Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P. (2009). Effort testing from age 8 to age 80. In Invited keynote lecture presented to the first European conference on symptom validity testing. Würtzberg, Germany, May 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P., Allen, L., & Astner, K. (1996). Manual for the Word Memory Test. Durham: Cognisyst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P., & Astner, K. (1995). Manual for the oral Word Memory Test. Durham: Cognisyst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, P., & Flaro, L. (2003). Word Memory Test performance in children. Child Neuropsychology, 9(3), 189–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, P., Flaro, L., & Courtney, J. (2009). Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 23(9), 741–750.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, P., Montijo, J., & Brockhaus, R. (2011). High specificity of the Word Memory Test and Medical Symptom Validity Test in groups with severe cognitive impairment. Applied Neuropsychology, 18(2), 86–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greiffenstein, M., Baker, W., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, K., Ord, J., Curtis, K., Bianchini, K., & Brennan, B. (2008). Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: A comparison of three forced choice symptom validity tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 896–918.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinly, M., Greve, K., Bianchini, K., Love, J., & Brennan, A. (2005). WAIS digit span based indicators of malingered cognitive dysfunction. Assessment, 12(4), 429–444.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, M., Merten, T., Wolf, S., & Harth, S. (2009). Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test performance of elderly healthy adults and clinical neurology patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, L., Anderson, A., Kaufman, D., Sachs, B., & Loring, D. (2007). Characterization of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in evaluation of clinically referred memory disorders clinic patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(6), 753–761.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, M., Boone, K., Victor, T., Marion, S., Amano, S., Cottingham, M., et al. (2010). The Warrington Recognition Memory Test for Words as a Measure of Response Bias: Total Score and Response Time Cutoffs Developed on “Real World” Credible and Noncredible Subjects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(1), 60–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larrabee, G. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(3), 410–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larrabee, G. J. (2005). Assessment of malingering. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach (pp. 115–158). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merten, T., Bossink, L., & Schmand, B. (2007). On the limits of effort testing: Symptom Validity Tests and severity of neurocognitive symptoms in nonlitigating patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29, 308–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merten, T., Green, P., Henry, M., Blaskewitz, N., & Brockhaus, R. (2005). Analog validation of German-language symptom validity tests and the influence of coaching. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 719–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, J., & Volbrecht, M. (2003). A validation of multiple malingering detection methods in a large clinical sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18(3), 261–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richman, J., Green, P., Gervais, R., Flaro, L., Merten, T., Brockhaus, R., et al. (2006). Objective tests of symptom exaggeration in independent medical examinations. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48(3), 303–311.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohling, M., & Demakis, G. (2010). Bowden, Shores, & Mathias (2006): Failure to replicate or just failure to notice. Does effort still account for more variance in neuropsychological test scores than TBI severity? The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(1), 119–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singhal, A., Green, P., Ashayea, K., Shankara, K., & Gill, D. (2009). High specificity of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in patients with very severe memory impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (online version, September, doi:10.1093/arclin/acp074).

  • Slick, D., Sherman, E., & Iverson, G. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingering neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropychologist, 13, 545–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, B. K., May, K., & Galbally, L. (2007). Symptom exaggeration by college adults in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder assessments. Applied Neuropsychology, 14(3), 189–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, J., Slick, D., Strauss, E., & Hultsch, D. (2002). How’d they do it? Malingering strategies on Symptom Validity Tests. Clinical Neuropsychology, 16(4), 495–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tombaugh, T. (1996). Test of memory malingering. Toronto: Multi Health Systems.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Green .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Green, P., Flaro, L., Brockhaus, R., Montijo, J. (2012). Performance on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT in Children with Developmental Disabilities and in Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Reynolds, C., Horton, Jr., A. (eds) Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0442-2_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0442-2_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0441-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0442-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics