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ICT Solutions to Support EV Deployment

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Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks

Part of the book series: Power Electronics and Power Systems ((PEPS))

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Abstract

Numerous studies and projects have proven that the electric vehicle can offer value and services that go beyond its function as a means of transportation. The value and services can, for instance, be the reduction of charging costs, adherence to grid constraints, or adjustment of charging behavior to renewable energy production. If these possibilities are considered and supported by information and communication technologies (ICT) in due time, a large potential can be exploited.

Specifically, the protocols and technologies spanning the open system interconnection stack need to support the various utilization concepts for EVs and be harmonized to obtain interoperability among numerous electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle supply equipment from original equipment manufacturers.

This chapter describes contemporary Smart Grid communication methods in terms of requirements and specific solutions and relates them to relevant standardization work and projects within the area.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/.

  2. 2.

    For brevity, the “ISO” part will often be omitted when referring to the standard.

  3. 3.

    Supply equipment communication controller.

  4. 4.

    A large part of the OpenV2G source code seems to be auto generated by various EXI tools that are not provided along with the code. The use of auto generated code makes sense, however, because it could become quite cumbersome to define all types manually in C when they are already defined using XSD in IEC 15118.

  5. 5.

    A total frequency range from 3 to 148.5 kHz is available for utilities whereas for end-user application the 95 to 148.5 kHz band is available.

  6. 6.

    http://www.g3-plc.com.

  7. 7.

    Recall that EVSEs typically contain an energy meter, which might be relevant to communicate with using G3 or PRIME. This communication might be completely separated from the EV to EVSE communication link.

  8. 8.

    http://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/1901.2.html.

  9. 9.

    Many (older) technologies are single-carrier based, but these are not applicable in an SG or EV context [19].

  10. 10.

    Adapted from [19].

Abbreviations

ACSI:

Abstract communication service interface

AMI:

Advanced metering infrastructure

AMM:

Automated meter management

AMR:

Automatic meter reading

AP:

Access point

BPSK:

Binary phase shift keying

CA:

Certificate authentication

CAMC:

Central autonomous management controller

CP:

Control pilot

CSMA/CA:

Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance

DER:

Distributed energy resource

DMS:

Distribution management system

DR:

Demand response

DSO:

Distribution system operator

DSSS:

Direct sequence spread spectrum

EAN:

Extended area network

EB:

Energy box

EMS:

Energy management system

EPRI:

Electric Power Research Institute

ES:

Electric storage

EV:

Electric vehicle

EVSE:

Electric vehicle supply equipment

FAN:

Field area network

FC:

Functional constraint

FDD:

Frequency division duplex

FEC:

Forward error correction

Gbps:

Gigabit per second

GW:

Gateway

HAN:

Home area network

IAP:

Interoperability architectural perspective

IP:

Internet protocol

IT:

Information technology

kbps:

Kilobit per second

LW:

Low voltage

MAC:

Media access control

MAP:

Mesh access point

Mbps:

Megabits per second

MG:

Microgrid

MGAU:

Microgrid aggregator unit

MGCC:

Microgrid central controller

MMG:

Multi-microgrid

MMS:

Manufacturing message specification

MV:

Medium voltage

NAN:

Neighborhood area network

NB-PLC:

Narrowband power line communication

ND:

Neighbor discovery

NIST:

National Institute for Standards and Technology

OEM:

Original equipment manufacturer

OFDM:

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

OFDMA:

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access

OSI:

Open systems interconnection

PAM:

Pulse amplitude modulation

PKI:

Public key infrastructure

PLC:

Power line communication

PWM:

Pulse width modulation

QAM:

Quadrature amplitude modulation

QoS:

Quality of service

RAU:

Regional aggregation unit

RBAC:

Role based access control

REST:

Representational state transfer

SCL:

Structured configuration language

SCSM:

Specific communication service mapping

SDO:

Standard development organization

SDP:

SECC Discovery Protocol

SG:

Smart grid

SGIRM:

Smart grid interoperability reference model

SM:

Smart meter

SOC:

State-of-charge

TCP:

Transmission control protocol

TDD:

Time division duplex

TLS:

Transport layer security

ToW:

Time-on-wire

UAN:

Utility access network

UDP:

User datagram protocol

V2G:

Vehicle-to-grid

WAN:

Wide area network

WMN:

Wireless mesh network

XML:

Extensible markup language

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Anders Bro Pedersen, Bach Andersen & Joachim Skov Johansen

  2. INESC TEC (formerly INESC Porto), Porto, Portugal

    David Rua, José Ruela & João A. Peças Lopes

Authors
  1. Anders Bro Pedersen
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  2. Bach Andersen
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  3. Joachim Skov Johansen
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  4. David Rua
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  6. João A. Peças Lopes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anders Bro Pedersen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Electrovej Building 325, CET - Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark

    Rodrigo Garcia-Valle

  2. Campus da FEUP, INESC TEC, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 378, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal

    João A. Peças Lopes

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Pedersen, A.B., Andersen, B., Johansen, J.S., Rua, D., Ruela, J., Lopes, J.A.P. (2013). ICT Solutions to Support EV Deployment. In: Garcia-Valle, R., Peças Lopes, J. (eds) Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks. Power Electronics and Power Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0134-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0134-6_5

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