Abstract
Most carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater are diagnosed prior to surgery, so intraoperative consultations usually concern evaluation of resection margins. However, a primary diagnosis of malignancy may be made at the time of frozen section in rare cases, particularly when preoperative biopsy specimens from biliary strictures are nondiagnostic. Inflammatory diseases that affect extrahepatic bile ducts can cause strictures that simulate carcinoma in pancreatobiliary resection specimens. The purpose of this chapter is to (1) discuss the gross and histologic features of benign and malignant extrahepatic bile duct lesions that are encountered during frozen section consultations, (2) address issues related to evaluation of resection margins from bile duct specimens, and (3) review the features of ampullary neoplasms and their mimics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Binkley CE, Eckhauser FE, Colletti LM. Unusual causes of benign biliary strictures with cholangiographic features of cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6:676–81.
Gerhards MF, Vos P, van Gulik TM, et al. Incidence of benign lesions in patients resected for suspicious hilar obstruction. Br J Surg. 2001;88:48–51.
Verbeek PC, van Leeuwen DJ, de Wit LT, et al. Benign fibrosing disease at the hepatic confluence mimicking Klatskin tumors. Surgery. 1992;112:866–71.
Wetter LA, Ring EJ, Pellegrini CA, Way LW. Differential diagnosis of sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas of the common hepatic duct (Klatskin tumors). Am J Surg. 1991;161:57–62.
Standfield NJ, Salisbury JR, Howard ER. Benign non-traumatic inflammatory strictures of the extrahepatic biliary system. Br J Surg. 1989;76:849–52.
Chung DTM, Tang CN, Lai ECH, Yang GPC, Li MKW. Immunoglobulin G4-associated sclerosing cholangitis mimicking cholangiocarcinoma. Hong Kong Med J. 2010;16:149–52.
Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA, Cameron JL. Postoperative bile duct strictures. Surg Clin North Am. 1990;70:1355–80.
Raju GS. Postoperative bile duct strictures. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2002;5(2):113–21.
Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Lindor KD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: diagnosis and management. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2006;8:75–82.
Kazumori H, Ashizawa N, Moriyama N, et al. Primary sclerosing pancreatitis and cholangitis. Int J Pancreatol. 1998;24:123–7.
Ponsioen CY, Vrouenraets SM, Prawirodirdjo W, et al. Natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population. Gut. 2002;51:562–6.
Bergquist A, Ekbom A, Olsson R, et al. Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol. 2002;36:321–7.
Okazaki K, Uchida K, Ohana M, et al. Autoimmune-related pancreatitis is associated with autoantibodies and a Th1/Th2 – type cellular immune response. Gastroenterol. 2000;118:573–81.
Hamano H, Kawa S, Horiuchi A, et al. High serum IgG4 concentrations in patients with sclerosing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:732–8.
Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, et al. Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy. Gastroenterology. 2008;134:706–15.
Zhang L, Smyrk TC. Autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related systemic diseases. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2010;3(5):491–504.
Kawakami H, Zen Y, Kuwatani M, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune pancreatitis: histological assessment of biopsies from Vater’s ampulla and the bile duct. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25:1648–55.
Liu YB, Wang JW, Devkota KR, et al. Congenital choledochal cysts in adults: twenty-five year experience. Chin Med J. 2007;120(16):1404–7.
Todani T, Watanabe Y, Narusue M, Tabuchi K, Okajima K. Congenital bile duct cysts. Classification, operative procedures, a review of thirty-seven cases including cancer arising from a choledochal cyst. Am J Surg. 1977;134:263–9.
Chijiiwa K, Koga A. Surgical management and long-term follow-up of patients with choledochal cysts. Am J Surg. 1993;165:238–42.
Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Choledochal cysts in adults. Arch Surg. 2002;137:465–8.
Albores-Saavedra J, Adsay NV, Crawford JM, et al. Tumours of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND, editors. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2010. p. 263–76.
Meza-Junco J, Montano-Loza AJ, Ma M, Wong W, Sawyer MB, Bain VG. Cholangiocarcinoma: has there been any progress? Can J Gastroenterol. 2010;24(1):52–7.
Sakamoto Y, Shimada K, Nara S, et al. Surgical management of infrahilar/suprapancreatic cholangiocarcinoma: an analysis of the surgical procedures, surgical margins, and survivals of 77 patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(2):335–43.
Adsay NV, Klimstra DS. Benign and malignant tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree. In: Odze RD, Goldblum JR, editors. Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. 845–75.
Konishi M, Iwasaki M, Ochiai A, Hasebe T, Ojima H, Yanagisawa A. Clinical impact of intraoperative histologic examination of the ductal resection margin in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2010;97(9):1363–8.
Achille A, Baron A, Zamboni G, Di Pace C, Orlandini S, Scarpa A. Chromosome 5 allelic losses are early in tumours of the papilla of Vater and occur at sites similar to those of gastric cancer. Br J Cancer. 1998;78(12):1653–60.
Heinrich S, Clavien P-A. Ampullary cancer. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(3):280–5.
Wong RF, DiSario JA. Approaches to endoscopic ampullectomy. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004;20(5):460–7.
Yantiss RK, Antonioli DA. Polyps of the small intestine. In: Odze RD, Goldblum JR, editors. Surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. 447–80.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yantiss, R.K. (2011). Intraoperative Evaluation of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tree and Ampulla of Vater. In: Yantiss, R. (eds) Frozen Section Library: Liver, Extrahepatic Biliary Tree and Gallbladder. Frozen Section Library. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0043-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0043-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0042-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0043-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)