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Alcohol, Cancer Genes, and Signaling Pathways

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Alcohol and Cancer

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Abstract

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, are considered to be Group 1 carcinogens, defined as an agent (or mixture) with sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans (Baan et al. 2007; Secretan et al. 2009). Both animal and in vitro studies have shown that acetaldehyde is genotoxic, capable of forming stable DNA adducts that cause DNA damage that may lead to cancer (reviewed by Brooks and Theruvathu 2005; Seitz and Stickel 2007). Although acetaldehyde is known to damage DNA, only a handful of studies have attempted to classify, on a molecular basis, tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes affected by alcohol consumption. This undertaking is often ­complicated by an inability to accurately quantify alcohol consumption in the context of identifying these molecular changes or by the presence of confounding variables such as tobacco use and viral infection in combination with alcohol use.

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Abbreviations

ADH:

Alcohol dehydrogenase

ALD:

Alcoholic liver disease

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450E1

Cdk:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

ErbB2:

v-erb-b2 Erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

FAS:

Fetal alcohol syndrome

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

Hh:

Hedgehog

HPE:

Holoprosencephaly

JNK:

c-jun N-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDM2:

Murine double minute

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

NADH:

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NIK:

Nuclear factor-inducing kinase

OPN:

Osteopontin

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PLCγ:

Phospholipase C gamma

Ptc:

Patched

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

p53:

Tumor protein 53

Rb:

Retinoblastoma protein

SAPK:

Stress-activated protein kinase

Shh:

Sonic hedgehog

Smo:

Smoothen

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

uPA:

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

4-HNE:

4-Hydroxynonenal

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  1. Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    William C. Dunty Jr. PhD

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  1. , Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031, Bethesda, 20892-9304, Maryland, USA

    Samir Zakhari

  2. , Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, USA

    Vasilis Vasiliou

  3. , Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031, Bethesda, 20892-9304, Maryland, USA

    Q. Max Guo

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Dunty, W.C. (2011). Alcohol, Cancer Genes, and Signaling Pathways. In: Zakhari, S., Vasiliou, V., Guo, Q. (eds) Alcohol and Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0040-0_6

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