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Immune Surveillance and Tumor Evasion

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Alcohol and Cancer

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Abstract

Tumors are composed of heterogeneous cell types, both diverse transformed cells of the tissue of origin and a variety of stromal cells. The tumor cells themselves differ in the degree of aneuploidy, the number and identity of mutations, the extent of genomic instability, the expression of surface antigens, and the capacity to express cytokines, growth factors, proteases, and angiogenic factors. The stromal cells include fibroblasts, an assortment of leukocytes and lymphocytes, and often cell types that make up blood vessels. Ongoing reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells affect the establishment, progression, and maintenance of cancer, with immune cells in particular mediating antitumor surveillance (Fig. 10.1). This chapter explores the details of immune surveillance, discusses the mechanisms by which tumors evade this surveillance, and explores the impact of alcohol on both.

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Abbreviations

B cell:

Bone marrow-derived lymphocyte

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NFκB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of ­activated B cells

NK:

Natural killer (cells)

NKT:

Natural killer T (cells)

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

T cell:

Thymus-derived lymphocyte

TAP:

Transporter associated with antigen processing

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

Th1 and Th2:

CD4+ T helper cells

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    M. Katherine Jung PhD

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  1. M. Katherine Jung PhD
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Correspondence to M. Katherine Jung PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031, Bethesda, 20892-9304, Maryland, USA

    Samir Zakhari

  2. , Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, 80045, Colorado, USA

    Vasilis Vasiliou

  3. , Division of Metabolism and Health Effect, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2031, Bethesda, 20892-9304, Maryland, USA

    Q. Max Guo

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Jung, M.K. (2011). Immune Surveillance and Tumor Evasion. In: Zakhari, S., Vasiliou, V., Guo, Q. (eds) Alcohol and Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0040-0_10

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