Abstract
Lignin hydrotreating has been studied for a number of reasons. Most of the early work was directed toward the elucidation of lignin’s highly complex polymeric structure. Other workers have been interested in processing lignin into one or two low-molecular-weight products that could be profitably sold. The major reason for this review of the literature is our desire to convert lignin into a mixture of phenols that could be used as an intermediate in the production of a fuel; e.g., a phenol mixture could be converted to methyl aryl ethers and then used as a gasoline octane enhancer. Consequently, this review emphasizes research on the conversion of lignin into phenols or fuel additives.
Because of the distinct differences in the lignin hydrotreating research carried out in Eastern Europe compared to the rest of the world, the eastern work is reviewed separately. Nearly all the Eastern European studies used highly condensed acid hydrolysis lignins with aqueous alkaline solvents and unsupported catalysts. This work has not been extensively reviewed before, and an extra effort was made to translate papers previously unreviewed. The literature from the rest of the world has been reviewed, and so the emphasis here is on more recent citations.
Some complete processes for conversion of lignin to low-molecular-weight compounds have been developed, and these have been reviewed separately.
A substantial amount of work has been published on the hydrotreating of lignin model compounds. This type of research is very useful in developing an understanding of the processes involved in converting lignin to low-molecular-weight compounds and was also given careful attention. Literature coverage goes through 1985.
It is concluded that, whereas it is unprofitable to try to convert lignin to one or two products, the hydrotreating of lignin to a useful mixture should be possible. Continued research is necessary to improve yields and to allow the use of emerging lignins. However, experimental design must be carefully considered and more extensively reported so that research may be compared between different laboratories. Model compound work should be continued to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in obtaining low-molecular-weight products from lignin and also to allow development of new catalysts.
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Chum, H.L., Johnson, D.K., Black, S., Ratcliff, M., Goheen, D.W. (1988). Lignin Hydrotreatment to Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds. In: Böer, K.W. (eds) Advances in Solar Energy. Advances in Solar Energy, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9945-2_2
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