Abstract
With the advent of superconducting technology, there has been a major emphasis in the design of helium refrigeration/liquefaction systems. In the past, refrigeration systems have been designed and built to provide cryogenic cooling to the superconducting windings. However, because of the large demand for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures and the increase in energy costs, a renewed interest has developed in designing helium refrigeration/liquefaction systems which are much more energy efficient. Recent examples of superconducting applications have been mentioned in the literature [1].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- h :
-
= specific enthalpy
- ṁ :
-
= mass flow rate
- ṁ N2 :
-
= nitrogen mass flow rate
- ṁ c :
-
= compressor mass flow rate
- ṁ T :
-
= turbine mass flow rate
- ṁ L :
-
= liquid helium flow rate
- P :
-
= pressure
- \(\dot Q\) :
-
= heat transfer rate
- \(\dot Q_{\rm{hl}}\) :
-
= heat leak
- R :
-
= gas constant
- S :
-
= entropy
- s :
-
= specific entropy
- T :
-
= temperature
- T 0 :
-
= ambient temperature
- T s :
-
= temperature at which entropy is generated
- υ :
-
= specific volume
- W act :
-
= actual work
- ΔW irr :
-
= irreversible work
- W rev :
-
= reversible work
- ΔṠ irr :
-
= entropy generation term
- Δ T :
-
= temperature difference
References
B. W. Birmingham and C. N. Smith, Cryogenics 16:59 (1976).
S. C. Collins, Rev. Sci. Instr. 18(3): 157 (1947).
S. C. Collins, Science, 116:289 (1952).
S. C. Collins, R. W. Stuart, and M. H. Streeter, Rev. Sci. Instr. 38(11): 1654 (1967).
C. Trepp, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 7, Plenum Press, New York (1962), p. 251.
C. Trepp, in Liquid Helium Technology, International Institute of Refrigeration, Pergamon Press, London (1966), p. 215.
R. W. Stuart, W. H. Hogan, and A. D. Rogers, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 12, Plenum Press, New York (1967), p. 564.
R. F. Barron, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 7, Plenum Press, New York (1962), p. 20.
R. O. Voth and D. E. Daney, in Proceedings 10th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, IEEE, New York (1975), p. 1356.
D. E. Daney, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 21, Plenum Press, New York (1976), p. 205.
A. Khalil and G. E. McIntosh, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 23, Plenum Press, New York (1978), p. 431.
W. M. Toscano and F. J. Kudirka, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 23, Plenum Press, New York (1978), p. 456.
T. P. Hosmer, L. C. Hoagland, and W. M. Toscano, “A 10 Liter Per Hour Helium Liquefier for a Superconducting Ship Propulsion System,” presented at Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Boulder, Colorado, August, 1977.
R. H. Hubbell, “A 1400 L/Hr Helium Liquification Cycle,” presented at 71st Annual AIChE Conference, Miami, Florida, November, 1978.
J. L. Smith, Jr., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, private communication.
J. L. Smith, Jr., “The Presentation of Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Data for Heat Exchanger Design,” ASME publication 66-WA/HT-59.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hubbell, R.H., Toscano, W.M. (1980). Thermodynamic Optimization of Helium Liquefaction Cycles. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Snyder, H.A. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 35 A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_65
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_65
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9858-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9856-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive