Abstract
The current plan for the Fermilab superconducting synchrotron (energy doubler) calls for the installation of approximately 1000 superconducting magnets in the 6-km tunnel of the main ring accelerator. Its 3 x 108-J emergency energy dump system [1] is based on “safety leads” between 4 and 300 K situated after every fifth magnet. With this system, when a quench is detected the power supply is turned off and a 0.5-Ω air-cooled “energy fountain” resistor is switched into the coil buss at each of six energy transfer stations. This causes the magnet current to decay with a time constant of 10 s. This decaying current has to be diverted from the developing quench, and this is done by shunting the current out from the group of five magnets containing the quench by means of the “safety leads.” Protection for these magnets is achieved by firing their internal heaters which spread the normal zone to a safe size. The magnetic energy of these five magnets is transferred to the helium and mechanically vented [2].
Work sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy.
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Abbreviations
- c :
-
= specific heat
- F :
-
= quench load [see equation (2)]
- f :
-
= quench capability [see equation (3)]
- h :
-
= heat transfer coefficient
- I :
-
= electrical current
- k :
-
= thermal conductivity
- l :
-
= length of conductor
- p :
-
= perimeter of cross section
- Q̇:
-
= heat input
- Q1-Q7:
-
= events simulating quenches
- s :
-
= cross section of conductor
- t :
-
= time
- T :
-
= temperature
- T init :
-
= initial temperature of a lead section
- T L :
-
= temperature of liquid helium
- T max :
-
= maximum temperature of lead
- T 1-T 3 :
-
= thermometers used in the test or their temperatures
- z :
-
= index of merit
- μ :
-
= density
- ρ :
-
= resistivity
References
R. Stiening, R. Flora, R. Lauckner, and G. Tool, IEEE Trans. Magn. Mag-15:670 (1979).
M. Kuchnir and K. Koepke, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-26:4045 (1979).
M. C. Jones, V. M. Yeroshenko, A. Starostin, and L. A. Yaskin, Cryogenics 18(6):337 (1978).
P. J. Giarratano and R. V. Smith, in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol 11, Plenum Press, New York (1966), p. 492.
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Kuchnir, M., Nicol, T.H. (1980). Safety Leads. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Snyder, H.A. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 35 A. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_34
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_34
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