Abstract
Low-temperature creep was first studied by Meissner et al. in 1930 [1]. They found that above the yield stress there is appreciable creep even at liquid-helium temperatures. This result gave impetus to further studies at low temperatures. Characterizing creep in cadmium as “athermic” at 1.4 to 4.2 K, Glen [2] assumed that creep proceeds by dislocation tunneling through crystalline lattice barriers. Arko and Weertman [3] revealed the sensitivity of creep to temperature at 4 K and inferred that it was the common thermally activated creep. Gindin et al. [4] assumed combined thermal activation and tunneling mechanisms. At the present time, there is not unanimous opinion on the nature of low-temperature creep.
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Abbreviations
- a:
-
lattice parameter
- b:
-
constant
- c:
-
constant
- C:
-
dislocation linear tension
- h:
-
Planck’s constant
- ℏ:
-
h/2π
- k:
-
Boltzmann’s constant
- M:
-
dislocation linear mass
- Q:
-
activation energy
- t:
-
time
- T:
-
temperature
- T D :
-
Debye temperature
- T:
-
effective temperature
- V, V:
-
activation volumes
- W:
-
probability of dislocation fluctuation departure from an obstacle
- α:
-
creep proportionality constant
- α0 :
-
α at T = 0
- γ:
-
time proportionality constant
- ε:
-
strain
- ε̇:
-
creep rate
- θ:
-
characteristic temperature
- κ:
-
stress-hardening coefficient
- ν:
-
atomic frequency
- τ:
-
deformation stress
References
W. Meissner, M. Polanyi, and E. Schmid, Zs. Phys. 66:477 (1930).
J. M. Glen, Philos. Mag. 1(5) 400 (1956).
A. C. Arko and J. Weertman, J. Met. 15(9) 674 (1963).
I. A. Gindin, V. P. Lebedev, and Ya. D. Starodubov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 11(10): 2802 (1969).
V. A. Koval, V. P. Soldatov, and V. I. Startsev, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 12(10): 2906 (1970).
V. A. Koval, V. P. Soldatov, and V. I. Startsev, in Fizicheskiye protsessy plasticheskoy deformatsii prinizkikh temperaturakh, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, USSR (1974), p. 339.
N. F. Mott, Philos. Mag. 44: 742 (1953).
V. A. Koval, V. P. Soldatov, and V. I. Startsev, Fiz. Met. Metalloved. 38(2):422 (1974).
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V. D. Natsik, A. I. Osetskii, V. P. Soldatov, and V. I. Startsev, Phys. Status Solidi B 54(1):99 (1972).
A. I. Osetskii, V. P. Soldatov, V. I. Startsev, and V. D. Natsik, Phys. Status Solidi A 22(2):739 (1974).
V. I. Startsev, V. P. Soldatov, and A. I. Osetski, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 1(1):83 (1975).
A. Seeger, in Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of Crystals, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1957), p. 206.
N. F. Mott, Philos. Mag. 1:568 (1956).
A. C. Arko and J. Weertman, Acta Metall. 17(5):687 (1969).
A. Granato and K. Lücke, J. Appl. Phys. 27(16):583 (1956).
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Koval, V.A., Osetski, A.I., Soldatov, V.P., Startsev, V.I. (1978). Temperature Dependence of Creep in F.C.C. and H.C.P. Metals at Low Temperature. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Reed, R.P., Clark, A.F. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 24. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9853-0_25
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