Skip to main content

Social Deficits of Children with Internalizing Disorders

  • Chapter
Advances in Clinical Child Psychology

Part of the book series: Advances in Clinical Child Psychology ((ACCP,volume 11))

Abstract

Two broad dimensions of childhood psychopathology have been identified: internalizing and externalizing disorders (Achenbach, 1982; Quay, 1979). Internalizing problems include anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, whereas externalizing difficulties include conduct problems and hyperactivity. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. rev. (DSM-III-R: American Psychiatric Association, 1987) presents several diagnostic categories corresponding to the internalizing dimension that can be applied to children. Primary among these are Separation Anxiety Disorder, Overanxious Disorder, Avoidant Disorder, Major Depression, and Dysthymic Disorder. Although a large body of research exists on externalizing disorders, children with internalizing disorders have been studied only recently.

Work reported in this chapter has been supported in part by Mental Health Clinical Research Center grant MH 30915.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The classification of children’s psychiatric symptoms: A factor analytic study. Psychological Monographs, 80(7, Whole No. 615).

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1982). Assessment and taxonomy of children’s behavior disorders. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 1–38). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification of child psychopathology: A review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1275–1301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. Revised) Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asher, S. R., Hymel, S., & Renshaw, P. D. (1984). Loneliness in children. Child Development, 55, 1456–1464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asher, S. R., Markell, R. A., & Hymel, S. (1981). Identifying children at risk in peer relations: A critique of the rate-of-interaction approach to assessment. Child Development, 52, 1239–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asher, S. R., Singleton, L. C., Tinsley, B. R., & Hymel, S. A. (1979). A reliable sociometric measure for preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 15, 443–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asher, S. R., & Wheeler, V. A. (1985). Children’s loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 500–505.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Behar, L. (1977). The preschool behavior questionnaire. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 5, 265–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Behar, L., & Stringfield, S. (1974). A behavior rating scale for the preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 10, 601–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, G. A., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1986). School phobia: The overlap of affective and anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 2, 235–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blechman, E. A., McEnroe, M. J., Carella, E. T., & Audette, D. P. (1986). Childhood competence and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 223–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonney, M. E. (1944). Relationships between social success, family size, socio-economic home background, and intelligence among school children in grades III to V. Sociometry, 7, 26–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower, E. M. (1969). Early identification of emotionally handicapped children in school. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukowski, W. M., & Newcomb, A. F. (1984). Stability and determinants of sociometric status and friendship choice: A longitudinal perspective. Developmental Psychology, 20, 941–952.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Busk, P. L., Ford, R. C., & Schulman, J. L. (1973). Stability of sociometric responses in classrooms. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 123, 69–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, S. B., & Paulauskas, S. (1979). Peer relations in hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20, 233–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantrell, V. L., & Prinz, R. J. (1985). Mulitple perspectives of rejected, neglected, and accepted children: Relation between sociometric status and behavioral characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 884–889.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantwell, D. P. (1985). Depressive disorders in children. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 8, 779–792.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, C. L., Lahey, B. B., Frame, C. L., Walker, J., & Hynd, G. W. (in press). Sociometric status of clinic-referred children with attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, C. L., Lahey, B. B., & Neeper, R. (1984). Peer assessment of the social behavior of accepted, rejected, and neglected children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 189–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, G. A., & Cantwell, D. P. (1979). A survey of depressive symptoms in a child and adolescent psychatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 18, 587–599.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1983). Continuities and changes in children’s social status: A five-year longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29, 261–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age prspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1983). A behavioral analysis of emerging social status in boys’ groups. Child Development, 54, 1400–1416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K. (1969). A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 884–888.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K. (1973). Rating scales for use in drug studies with children. Psychophar-macology Bulletin: Special Issue: Pharmacotherapy with Children, 24–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, C. G. (1980). Childhood depression: Three basic but questionable assumptions in the Lefkowitz and Burton critique. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 185–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowen, E., Pederson, A., Babigian, H., Izzo, L., & Trost, M. (1973). Long term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 438–446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dandes, S. K., La Greca, A. M., Wick, R. L., & Shaw, K. (1986). The development of the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC): Part 2. Relationship to peer and teacher ratings. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deluty, R. H. (1979). Children’s Action Tendency Scale: A self-report measure of aggressiveness, assertiveness, and submissiveness in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 1061–1071.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, F. (1974). Observational and sociometric measures of peer popularity and their relationship to egocentric communication in female preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 10, 745–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54, 1386–1399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., & Brakke, N. P. (1982). Behavior patterns of socially rejected and neglected preadolescents: The roles of social approach and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 389–409.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnington, M. J. (1957). Behavioral differences of sociometric status groups in a nursery school. Child Development, 28, 103–111.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dygdon, J. A., Conger, A. J., & Keane, S. P. (1987). Children’s perceptions of the behavioral correlates of social acceptance, rejection, and neglect in their peers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 2–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C. (1985). Teachers’ perceptions of childhood anxiety and school adjustment. Paper presented at a conference in June for “Anxiety Disorders in Children: Implications for School Adjustment,” Cape Cod, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., & Achenbach, T. M. (1984). The teacher version of the Child Behavior Profile: 1. Boys aged 6–11. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 207–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., Costello, A. J., & Kessler, M. D. (1984). Empirical corroboration of the attention deficit disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 285–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faust, J., Baum, C. G., & Forehand, R. (1985). An examination of the association between social relationships and depression in early adolescence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 6, 291–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, S., & Hymel, S. (1984). The development of a children’s self-report measure of social anxiety, children’s attitudes towards peers, and avoidance of peer interactions. Paper presented in June at the Third Biennial University of Waterloo Conference on Child Development, Waterloo, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, W., Rahe, D. F., & Hartup, W. W. (1979). Rehabilitation of socially withdrawn preschool children through mixed-age and same-age socialization. Child Development, 50, 915–922.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glennon, B., & Weisz, J. R. (1978). An observational approach to the assessment of anxiety in young children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1246–1257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, J., Corsini, D., & DeUrioste, R. (1980). Implications of positive and negative sociometric status for assessing the social competence of young children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 1, 209–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J. M. (1977). Toward a definition of social isolation in children. Child Development, 48, 513–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, K., & Forehand, R. (1980). Assessment of children’s social skills: A review of methods. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 2, 143–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, C. R., Walker, H. M., & Hops, H. (1977). Issues in social interaction/withdrawal assessment. Exceptional Children, 43, 490–499.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gresham, F. M. (1981). Validity of social skills measures for assessing social competence in low status children: A multivariate investigation. Developmental Psychology, 17, 390–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1982). The Perceived Competence Scale for children. Child Development, 53, 87–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartup, W. W., Glazer, J. A., & Charlesworth, R. (1967). Peer reinforcement and sociometric status. Child Development, 38, 1017–1024.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hops, H., & Greenwood, C. R. (1981). Social skills deficits. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavioral assessment of child disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, R. H., Lahey, B. B., & Strauss, C. C. (1983). Correlates of depressed mood in normal children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 29–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow, N. J., Rehm, L. P., & Siegel, A. W. (1984). Social-cognitive and cognitive correlates of depression in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 605–620.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., & Carlson, P. (1974). The use of symbolic modeling to promote social skills in preschool children with low levels of social responsiveness. Child Development, 45, 912–919.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, C., & Young, R. D. (1982). Attentional deficits with and without hyperactivity: Teacher and peer perceptions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 483–496.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A. R., & Young, R. D. (1979). Hyperactive boys in their classroom: Assessment of teacher and peer perceptions, interactions, and classroom behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 7, 425–442.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. (1985). Teacher sociometric index. Unpublished raw data.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvin, I., Berney, P., & Bhate, S. R. (1984). Classification and diagnosis of depression in school phobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 347–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M. (1983). The interview schedule for children (ISC): Interrater and parent-child agreement. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M, & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrandt & A. Raskin (Eds.), Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models (pp. 1–25). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Feinberg, T. L., Crousse-Novak, M. A., Paulauskas, S. L., & Finkelstein, R. (1984). Depressive disorders in childhood: 1. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 229–237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Feinberg, T. L., Crousse-Novak, M., Paulauskas, S. L., Pollock, M., & Finkelstein, R. (1984). Depressive disorders in childhood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 643–649.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuperman, S., & Stewart, M. A. (1979). The diagnosis of depression in children. Journal of Affective Disorders, 1, 213–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B. (1983). Predicting delinquency and academic problems from childhood peer status. In J. D. Coie (Chair), Strategies for identifying children at social risk: Longitudinal correlates and consequences. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, R. B., Schaughency, E. A., Strauss, C. C., & Frame, C. L. (1984). Are attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity similar or dissimilar disorders? Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 302–309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Last, C. G., Francis, G., Hersen, M., Kazdin, A. E., & Strauss, C. C. (1987). Separation anxiety and school phobia: A comparison using DSM-III criteria. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 653–657.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Last, C. G., Hersen, M, Kazdin, A. E., Finkelstein, R., & Strauss, C. C. (1987). Comparison of DSM-III separation anxiety and overanxious disorders: Demographic characteristics and patterns of comorbidity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 26, 527–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, M. M., & Burton, N. (1978). Childhood depression: A critique of the concept. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 191–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, M. M., & Tesiny, E. P. (1980). Assessment of childhood depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 43–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lukens, E., Puig-Antich, J., Behn, J., Goetz, R., Tabrizi, M. A., & Davies, M. (1983). Reliability of the psychosocial schedule for school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22, 29–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., Rotatori, A. F., & Helsel, W. J. (1983). Development of a rating scale to measure social skills in children: The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY). Behavioral Research and Therapy, 21, 335–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezzich, A. C., & Mezzich, J. E. (1985). Reliability of DSM-III vs. DSM-II in child psycho-pathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 273–280.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michelson, L., & Wood, R. (1982). Development and psychometric properties of the Children’s Assertive Behavior Scale. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 4, 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, J. L. (1934). Who shall survive? A new approach to the problem of human interrelationships. Washington, DC: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, L. L., Peterson, L., Wonderlich, S. A., & Reaven, N. M. (1986). The influence of depressive symptomatology in children on the social responses and perception of adults. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 233–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neeper, R., & Lahey, B. B. (1986). The Children’s Behavior Rating Scale: A factor analytic developmental scale. School Psychological Review, 15, 277–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, A. F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1984). A longitudinal study of the utility of social preference and social impact sociometric classification schemes. Child Development, 55, 1434–1447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, K., & Berg, I. (1970). School phobia and self-evaluation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11, 133–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, R. D. (1969). Modification of social withdrawal through symbolic modeling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2, 15–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, R. D. (1972). Relative efficacy of modeling, shaping, and the combined procedures for modification of social withdrawal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 79, 327–334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oden, S., & Asher, S. R. (1977). Coaching children in social skills for friendship making. Child Development, 48, 495–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ollendick, T. H. (1984). Development and validation of the Children’s Assertiveness Inventory. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 5, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orvaschel, H., Puig-Antich, J., Chambers, W. J., Tabrizi, M. A., & Johnson, R. (1982). Retrospective assessment of child psychopathology with the K-SADS-E. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 4, 392–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orvaschel, H., & Weissman, M. M. (1986). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in children: A review. In R. Gittelman (Ed.), Anxiety disorders of childhood (pp. 58–72). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella, D., & Henggeler, S. W. (1986). Peer interactions of conduct-disordered, anxious-withdrawn, and well-adjusted black adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peery, C. (1979). Popular, amiable, isolated, rejected: A reconceptualization of sociometric status in preschool children. Child Development, 50, 1231–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pekarik, E. G., Prinz, R. J., Liebert, D. E., Weintraub, S., & Neale, J. M. (1976). The Pupil Evaluation Inventory: A sociometric technique for assessing children’s social behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, 83–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pelham, W. E., Atkins, M. S., & Murphy, H. A. (1981). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Definitional issues and correlates. In W. Pelham (Ed.): DSM-I1I category of attention deficit disorders: Rationale, operational, and correlates. Symposium presented at the annual meeting in August of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelham, W. E., & Bender, M. E. (1982). Peer relationships in hyperactive children: Description and treatment. In K. D. Gadow & I. Bialer (Eds.), Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 1, pp. 365–436). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, L., Mullins, L. L., & Ridley-Johnson, R. (1985). Childhood depression: Peer reactions to depression and life styles. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 597–609.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J. (1980). Affective disorders in childhood: A review and perspective. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 3, 402–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., Blau, S., Marx, N., Greenhill, L., & Chambers, W. J. (1978). Prepubertal major depressive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 695–707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., Goetz, R., Hanlon, C., Tabrizi, M. A., Davies, M., Weitzman, E. D., Thomson, J., & Chambers, W. J. (1982). Sleep architecture and REM sleep measures in prepubertal major depressives during an episode. Archives of General Psychiatry. 39, 932–939.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., Lukens, E., Davies, M., Goetz, D., Brennan-Quattrock, J., & Todak, G. (1985a). Psychosocial functioning in prepubertal major depressive disorders: 1. Interpersonal relationships during the depressive episode. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 500–507.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., Lukens, E., Davies, M., Goetz, D., Brennan-Quattrock, J., & Todak, G. (1985b). Psychosocial functioning in prepubertal major depressive disorders: 2. Interpersonal relationships after sustained recovery from affective episode. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 511–517.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., Orvaschel, H., Tabrizi, R. N., & Chambers, W. J. (1978). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C. (1979). Classification. In H. C. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (2nd ed., pp. 1–42). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C. (1986). DSM-III as a taxonomy of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. In T. Millón & G. Klerman (Eds.), Contemporary directions in psychopathology: Toward the DSM-IV. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C., & La Greca, A. M. (1986). Disorders of anxiety, withdrawal, and dysphoria. In H. C. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (3rd ed., pp. 73–110). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C., & Peterson, D. R. (1975). Manual for the Behavior Problem Checklist. Unpublished manuscript, University of Miami.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C., & Peterson, D. R. (1983). Revised Behavioral Problem Checklist (1st ed.). Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C., Routh, D. K., & Shapiro, S. K. (1987). Psychopathology of childhood: From description to validation. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 491–532.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, B. A., & Dodge, K. A. (1982). Social maladjustment and problem solving in school-aged children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 226–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roff, M., Sells, B., & Golden, M. M. (1972). Social adjustment and personality development in children. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roistacher, R. C. (1974). A microeconomic model of sociometric choice. Sociometry, 37, 219–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolf, J. E. (1972). The social and academic competence of children vulnerable to schizophrenia and other behavior pathologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 80, 225–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, K. H. (1985). Socially withdrawn children: An “at risk” population? In B. Schneider, K. H. Rubin, & J. Ledingham (Eds.), Children’s peer relationships: Issues in assessment and intervention (pp. 125–140). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, K. H., & Clark, M. L. (1983). Preschool teachers’ ratings of behavioral problems: Observational, sociometric, and social-cognitive correlates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 273–286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, K. H., Daniels-Beirress, T., & Bream, L. (1984). Social isolation and social problem solving: A longitudinal study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 17–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, D. V., Sheehan, K. E., & Minichello, N. E. (1981). Age of onset of phobic disorders: A reevaluation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6, 544–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, L., & Asher, S. (1979). Racial integration and children’s peer preferences: An investigation of developmental and cohort differences. Child Development, 50, 936–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research diagnostic criteria. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773–785.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spivack, G., & Shure, M. B. (1974). Social adjustment of young children: A cognitive approach to solving real-life problems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Forehand, R., Frame, C., & Smith, K. (1984). Characteristics of children with extreme scores on the Children’s Depression Inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 13, 227–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Forehand, R. L., Smith, K., & Frame, C. L. (1986). The association between social withdrawal and internalizing problems of children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 525–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Frame, C. L., & Forehand, R. L. (1987). Psychosocial impairment associated with anxiety in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 235–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., & Francis, G. (in press). Phobic disorders. In C. G. Last & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of child psychiatric diagnosis. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Kazdin, A. E., Dulcan, M. K., Lease, C. A., & Last, C. G. (1988). Multimethod assessment of the social competence of children with anxiety disorders. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Lahey, B. B., Frick, P., Frame, C. L., & Hynd, G. W. (1988). Peer social status of children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 137–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C. C., Last, C. G., Hersen, M., & Kazdin, A. E. (1988). Association between anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 57–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strober, M., Green, J., & Carlson, G. (1981). Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalized adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 141–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tesiny, E. P., & Lefkowitz, M. M. (1982). Childhood depression: A 6-month follow-up study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 50, 778–780.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hasselt, V. B., Hersen, M., & Bellack, A. S. (1981). The validity of role play tests for assessing social skills in children. Behavior Therapy, 12, 202–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hasselt, V. B., Hersen, M., Whitehill, M. B., & Bellack, A. S. (1979). Social skill assessment and training for children: An evaluative review. Behavioural Research & Therapy, 17, 413–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vosk, B., Forehand, R., Parker, J., & Richard, K. (1982). A multimethod comparison of popular and unpopular children. Developmental Psychology, 18, 571–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whalen, C. K., Henker, B., Collins, B. E., McAuliffe, S., & Vaux, A. (1979). Peer interaction in structured communication task: Comparisons of normal and hyperactive boys and of methylphenidale (Ritalin) and placebo effects. Child Development, 50, 388–401.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. B. W., & Spitzer, R. L. (1980). Appendix F. In American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, D. A., Moody, S. C., Granberry, S. W., Lethermon, V. R., & Blouin, D. C. (1983). Criterion-related validity of a role-play social skills test for children. Behavior Therapy, 14, 466–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strauss, C.C. (1988). Social Deficits of Children with Internalizing Disorders. In: Lahey, B.B., Kazdin, A.E. (eds) Advances in Clinical Child Psychology. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9829-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9829-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9831-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9829-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics