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Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction

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Book cover Active Oxygen in Biochemistry

Abstract

Life on earth originated during a time when the atmosphere contained little or no gaseous oxygen. Primitive cells obtained the energy for their metabolism from glycolysis rather than respiration, and the fact that they were rich in thiols and other reducing agents did not present a problem because they were not normally confronted with appreciable levels of dioxygen (O2) or other strong oxidants. The advent of photosynthesis changed this situation dramatically by introducing gaseous dioxygen into the atmosphere, initiating what has been referred to as the most dramatic example of environmental pollution that has ever occurred on earth (Levine, 1988). Ultimately, the level of dioxygen reached its modern level of 21%, an environment that is toxic to strict anaerobic bacteria, the modern-day descendants of those first primitive organisms. By contrast, modern aerobic organisms, which, like anaerobic organisms, also consist of cells rich in reducing agents, evolved to use the powerful oxidizing potential of dioxygen to their benefit by developing respiration and, at the same time, elaborate systems to protect, repair, or replace their components that might be damaged by the oxidation reactions that are the inevitable by-product of dioxygen metabolism (Bilinski, 1991).

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  1. Raymond Y. N. Ho
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Joan Selverstone Valentine  & Christopher S. Foote  & 

  2. University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

    Arthur Greenberg

  3. University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA

    Joel F. Liebman

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Ho, R.Y.N., Liebman, J.F., Valentine, J.S. (1995). Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction. In: Valentine, J.S., Foote, C.S., Greenberg, A., Liebman, J.F. (eds) Active Oxygen in Biochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9783-0_1

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