Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology pp 1–22Cite as

Strategy for Studying Health Effects of Pesticides / Fertilizer Mixtures in Groundwater

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 127))

Abstract

From the perspective of environmental exposure to chemicals, there is probably no such thing as “single chemical exposures.” For instance, in an accidental spillage of a single chemical in transit (e.g., railroad tankers or trucks), the emergency response crew (e.g., fire fighters, police officers) may have been exposed to a single chemical in high concentration. However, this must be considered in the context of “background chemical (natural or synthetic) exposures” from foods, drinks, cosmetics or personal hygiene products, and indoor and outdoor pollutants. In that sense, the single chemical exposure is merely an excursion of higher-concentration exposure to a given chemical at certain time above all the other sources of chemical exposures.

Article Note

The development of the program on “Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures” at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program (NIEHS/NTP) was led by the author while he was a senior staff member at the NIEHS/NTP between 1983 and 1990. This review was based on publicly available information as of October 5, 1991.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Medical Association (AMA) (1988) Cancer risk of pesticides in agricultural workers. Council Rept, JAMA 260: 959–966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ames BN, Magaw R, Gold LS (1987) Ranking possible carcinogenic hazards. Science 236: 271–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames BN, Gold LS (1990a) Too many rodent carcinogens: Mitogenesis increases mutagenesis. Science 249: 970–971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames BN, Gold LS (1990b) Misconceptions on pollution and the cause of cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 29: 1197–1208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson HA, Belluck DA, Sinha SK (1986) Recommended Public Health Related Groundwater Standards; Summary of Scientific Support Documentation for NR 140. 10. Wis Div of Health, Dept of Health and Social Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • California State Water Resources Control Board (1983) Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides: A California Assessment. Sacramento, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canter LW (1987) Nitrates and pesticides in ground water: An analysis of a computer-based literature search. In: Fairchild DM (ed) Ground Water Quality and Agricultural Practices. Lewis Publ, Chelsea, MI, pp 153–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapin RE, Phelps JL, Schwetz BA, Yang RSH (1989) Toxicology studies of a chemical mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants: (III) Reproductive toxicity studies in male B6C3F1 mice. Fund Appl Toxicol 13: 388–389.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chem Eng News (C&EN) (1983) Research targets: Experts pick the best possibilities. Feb 21, p 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • C&EN (1985) Toxic chemical levels higher indoors than out. June 24, pp 22, 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen SZ, Eiden C, Lorber MN (1986) Monitoring groundwater for pesticides. In: Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 315, Washington, DC, pp 170–196.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein SS, Brown LO, Pope, C (1982) Hazardous Waste in America. Sierra Club, San Francisco, CA, p 593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairchild DM (1987) A national assessment of ground water contamination from pesticides and fertilizers. In: Fairchild DM (ed) Ground Water Quality and Agricultural Practices. Lewis Pub, Chelsea, MI, pp 273–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan AM, Willhite CC, Book SA (1987) Evaluation of the nitrate drinking water standard with reference to infant methemoglobinemia and potential reproductive toxicity. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 7: 135–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Germolec DR, Yang RSH, Ackermann MP, Rosenthal GJ, Boorman GA, Thompson M, Blair P, Luster MI (1989) Toxicology studies of a chemical mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants: (II) Immunosuppression in B6C3F1 mice. Fund Appl Toxicol 13: 377–387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopal BK (1987) Investigation of nitrate contamination in shallow ground waters near Woodward, Oklahoma. In: Fairchild DM (ed) Ground Water Quality and Agricultural Practices. Lewis Pub, Chelsea, MI, pp 247–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green MA, Heumann MA, Wehr HM, Foster LR, Williams LP, Polder JA, Morgan CL, Wagner SL, Wanke LA, Witt, JM (1987) An outbreak of watermelon-borne pesticide toxicity. Am J Pub Hth 77: 1431–1434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallberg GR (1986) From hoes to herbicides. Agriculture and groundwater quality. J Soil Water Conserv 41: 357–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallberg GR (1987) Pesticides in Groundwater, Summary Comments for the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture. April 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris R, Highland J (1984) Adverse health effects at a Tennessee hazardous waste disposal site. Haz Waste 1: 183–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes HM, Tarone RE, Cantor KP, Jessen CR, McCurnin DM, Richardson RC (1991) Case-control study of canine malignant lymphoma: Positive association with dog owner’s use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides. J Nat Cancer Inst 83: 1226–1231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holden PW (1986) Pesticides and Groundwater Quality. Issues and Problems in Four States. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong HL, Yang RSH, Boorman GA (1991a) Residual damage to hematopoietic system in mice exposed to a mixture of groundwater contaminants. Toxicol Lett 57: 101–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong HL, Yang RSH, Boorman GA (1991b) Alterations in hematopoietic responses in mice caused by drinking a mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones RL, Marquardt TE (1987) Monitoring of aldicarb residues in Long Island, New York potable wells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16: 643–647.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly R, Hallberg GR, Johnson LG, Libra RD, Thompson CA, Splinter RC, DeTroy MG (1986) Pesticides in ground water in Iowa. In: Agricultural Impacts on Ground Water. Nat Water Well Assoc, Worthington, OH, pp 622–647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler K (1987) Wisconsin’s groundwater monitoring program for pesticides. In: Pesticide and Groundwater: A Health Concern for the Midwest. Fresh Water Foundation and USEPA, Narvarre, MN, pp 105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaseus T (1987) Minnesota pesticide monitoring surveys, interim report. In: Pesticides and Groundwater: A Health Concern for the Midwest. Fresh Water Foundation and USEPA, Narvarre, MN, pp 137–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Layman PL (1988) Changes in European farm policies trouble fertilizer industry. Chem Eng News, March 14, pp 7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libra RD, Hallberg GR, Hoyer BE (1987) Impacts of agricultural chemicals on ground water quality in Iowa. In: Fairchild DM (ed) Ground Water Quality and Agricultural Practices. Lewis Pub, Chelsea, MI, pp 185–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maugh II TH (1982) Just how hazardous are dumps? Science 215: 490–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NRC/NAS (1980a) Drinking Water and Health, Vol 3. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC/NAS (1980b) Principles of Toxicological Interactions Associated with Multiple Chemical Exposures. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC/NAS (1982a) Drinking Water and Health, Vol 4. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC/NAS (1982b) Assessment of Multichemical Contamination. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC/NAS (1984) Groundwater Contamination. Nat Acad Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Toxicology Program (NTP) (1990) National Toxicology Program Fiscal Year 1990 Annual Plan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips AM, Silbergeld EK (1985) Health effects studies of exposure from hazardous waste sites—where are we today? Am J Ind Med 8: 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin S, Ram NM (1984) Multiple bioassays to assess the toxicity of a sanitary landfill leachate. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 13: 197–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pye VI, Patrick R, Quarles J (1983) Groundwater Contamination in the United States. Univ Penn Press, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards RP, Kramer JW, Baker DB, Krieger KA (1987) Pesticides in rainwater in the northeastern United States. Nature 327: 129–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter WF (1990) Pesticide contamination of ground water in the United States— review. J Environ Sci Hlth B25: 1–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild ER, Manser RJ, Anderson MP (1982) Investigation of aldicarb in groundwater in selected areas of the central sand plain of Wisconsin. Ground Water 20: 437–443.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwetz BA, Yang, RSH (1990) Approaches used by the U.S. National Toxicology Program in assessing the toxicity of chemical mixtures. In: Vainio H, Sorsa M, McMichael A J (eds) Complex Mixtures and Cancer Risk. Internat Agency for Res on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp 113–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelby MD, Tice RR, DeMarini DM, Yang RSH (1990) Toxicity and mutagenicity of a mixture of 25 chemicals found in contaminated ground water. In: Vainio H, Sorsa M, McMichael AJ (eds) Complex Mixtures and Cancer Risk. Internat Agency for Res on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp 314–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons JE, Yang RSH, Svensgaard D, McDonald A (1989) Enhancement of carbon tetrachloride (CC14) hepatotoxicity by prior exposure to a mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants. Toxicologist 9: 58 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skolnik R (Spring 1987 ) Superfund: A case study, the penta (pentachlorophenol). Amicus J: 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensgaard D, Yang RSH, Seely JC, Thompson MB, McDonald A, Simmons JE (1991) Effects of a mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants on carbon tetrachloride (CC14) hepatotoxicity. Toxicologist 11: 219 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbain CD (May 1987) The groundswell for clean groundwater. Farm J: 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1986) Pesticides in Ground Water: Background Document. Office of Ground Water, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (1988) Pesticides in Ground Water Data Base 1988 Interim Report. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USPIRG (1988) Pesticides in Ground Water: EPA Files Reveal Tip of a Deadly Iceberg. U.S. Public Interest Res Group, by R Hind and E Evans, Sept 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valiulis D (1986) Groundwater contamination and the fate of agrichemcals. Agrichem Age 30: 10–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • White FMM, Cohen FG, Sherman G, McCurdy R (1988) Chemicals, birth defects and stillbirths in New Brunswick: Associations with agricultural activity. CMAJ 138: 117–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue SZ (1987) Health effects of pesticides: A review of epidemiologic research from the perspective of developing nations. Am J Ind Med 12: 269–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH, Rauckman EJ (1987) Toxicological studies of chemical mixtures of environmental concern at the National Toxicology Program: Health effects of ground water contaminants. Toxicology 47: 15–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH (1987a) A toxicological view of pesticides. CHEMTECH 17: 698–703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH (1987b) Acute versus chronic toxicity and toxicological interactions involving pesticides. In: Ragsdale NN, Kuhr RJ (eds) Pesticides: Minimizing the Risks. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 336, Washington, DC, pp 20–36.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH, Hong HL, Boorman GA (1989a) Toxicology of chemical mixtures: Experimental approaches, underlying concepts, and some results. Toxicol Lett 49: 183–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH, Goehl T, Brown R, Chatham A, Arneson D, Buchanan R, Harris R (1989b) Toxicology studies of a chemical mixture of 25 groundwater contaminants: ( I) Chemistry development. Fund Appl Toxicol 13: 366–376.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RSH, Huff J, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Simmons JE, Seely JC (1989c) Biological issues in extrapolation. In: Ragsdale NN, Menzer RE (eds) Carcinogenicity and Pesticides. Principles, Issues and Relationships. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 414, Washington, DC, pp 142–163.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Zaki MH, Moran D, Harris D (1982) The aldicarb story in Suffolk County, NY. Am J Pub Hlth 72: 1391–1395.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, B120 Microbiology Bldg., Ft. Collins, CO, 80523, USA

    Raymond S. H. Yang

Authors
  1. Raymond S. H. Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    George W. Ware

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yang, R.S.H. (1992). Strategy for Studying Health Effects of Pesticides / Fertilizer Mixtures in Groundwater. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 127. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9751-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9751-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9753-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9751-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation