Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Peripheral Nerve Disease Caused by Infection, Toxins, and Postinfectious Syndromes

  • Chapter
Book cover Infections of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Clinical Topics in Infectious Disease ((CLIN.TOP.INFECT))

  • 113 Accesses

Abstract

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is anatomically defined as all neural structures lying outside the pial membrane of the spinal cord and brain stem. The PNS encompasses the spinal roots, the nerve trunks, the dorsal root and autonomic ganglia, peripheral nerves, and the third to 12th cranial nerves. The olfactory and optic nerves are excluded since they are special extensions of the central nervous system (CNS). Consideration of the biology and anatomy of the PNS lies outside the scope of this chapter and interested readers are referred to other reviews.1,2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, et al (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Asbury AK, Gilliatt RW: The clinical approach to neuropathy, in Asbury AK, Gilliatt RW (eds): Peripheral Nerve Disorders: A Practical Approach, London, Butterworths, 1984, pp 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dyck Pi: Diseases of peripheral nerves, in Engel AG, Banker BQ (eds): Myology: Basic and Clinical. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1986, pp 2069–2108.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Spencer PS, Schaumberg HH (eds): Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Middlebrook JL, Dorland RB: Bacterial toxins: cellular mechanism of action. Microbiol Rev 1984; 48: 199–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Morris RE, Saelinger CB: Entry of bacterial toxins into mammalian cells, in Simpson LL (ed): Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin. San Diego, Calif, Academic Press, 1989, pp 121–152.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Waksman BH: Experimental study of diphtheritic polyneuritis in the rabbit and guinea pig. Part III. The blood-nerve barrier in the rabbit. J. Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1961; 20: 35–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fisher CM, Adams RD: Diphtheritic polyneuritis: a pathological study. J. Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1956; 15: 243–268.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bostock H, Sears TA, Sherratt RM: The spatial distribution of excitability and membrane current in normal and demyelinated mammalian nerve fibers. J. Physiol 1983; 341: 41–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Webster H, Spiro D, Waksman B, et al: Phase and electron microscopic studies of experimental demyelination. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1961; 20: 513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Paley RG, Truelove SC: Diphtheria in the army in the United Kingdom. A study of its complications. J R Army Med Corps 1948; 90: 109–116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Smith LDS: Botulism: The Organism, Its Toxin, The Disease. Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Simpson LL: A comparison of pharmacological properties of Clostridium botulinum type C1 and C2 toxins. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 223: 695–701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Simpson LL: The pathophysiological actions of the binary toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, in Eklund MW, Dowell VR Jr (eds): Avian Botulism: An International Perspective. Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas, 1987, pp 249–264.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Eklund MW, Poysky FT, Habig WH: Bacteriophages and plasmid in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani and their relationships to production of toxins, in Simpson LL (ed): Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin. San Diego, Calif, Academic Press, 1989, pp 25–51.

    Google Scholar 

  16. DasGupta BR: Structure and structure function relation of botulinum neurotoxins, in Lewis GE (ed): Biomedical Aspects of Botulism. New York, Academic Press, 1981, pp 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wright GP: The neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani. Pharmacol Rev 1955; 7: 413–465.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Baroff DA, Del Castillo J, Evoy WH, et al: Observations of the action of type A botulinum toxin on frog neuromuscular junctions. J Physiol 1974; 240: 227253.

    Google Scholar 

  19. MacDonald KL, Cohen ML, Blake PA: The changing adult botulism in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 794–799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Centers for Disease Control: MMWR 1986;35:490–491.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kaplan JE, Davis LE, Narayan V, et al: Botulism, type A, and treatment with guanidine. Ann Neurol1979; 6: 69–71.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bechelli LM, Martinez-Dominguez V: Further in- leprosy problem in the world. Bull WHO 1972; 46: 523–536.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sabin TD, Swift TR: Leprosy, in Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, et al (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy, 2nd ed., Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1984, pp 1955–1987.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Van Voorhis WC, Kaplan G, Sarno EN, et al: The cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 1593–1597.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Noguera N, Kaplan G, Levy E, et al: Defective gam-ma-interferon production in leprosy. Reversal with antigen and interleukin 2. J Exp Med 1983; 158: 2165–2170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ottenhoff THM, Elferink DG, Klatser PR, et al: Cloned suppressor T cells from a lepromatous leprosy patient suppress Mycobacterium leprae reactive helper T cells. Nature 1986; 322: 462–464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Modlin RL, Kato H, Mehira V, et al: Genetically restricted suppressor T cell clones derived from lepromatous leprosy lesions. Nature 1986; 322: 459–461.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mshana RN, Humber DP, Harboe M, et al: Immune responses to bovine neural antigens in leprosy patients. Lepr Rev 1983; 54: 217–227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mshana RN, Humber DP, Harboe M, et al: Nerve herpes. damage following intraneural injection of Mycobac-terium leprae into rabbits pre-sensitized to mycobac herpes zoster. teria. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 52: 441–448.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kikuchi I, Ozawa T, Sanada K, et al: Immunogenetic analysis of leprosy in the Japanese; second report (abstract). Int J Lepr 1984; 52: 617.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mshana RN, Harboe M, Stoner GL, et al.: Immune. responses to bovine neural antigens in leprosy patients. I. Absence of antibodies to an isolated myelin protein. Int J Lepr 1983; 51: 33–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Estis-Turf EP, Benjamins JA, Lefford MJ: Character ization of the antineural antibodies in the sera of leprosy patients. J Neuroimmunol 1986; 10: 313–330.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Weller TH, Witton HM: The etiologic agents of var- icella and herpes zoster: serologic studies with the viruses propagated in vitro. J Exp Med 1958; 108: 869–890.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Oldstone MBA: Molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease (minireview). Cell 1987; 50: 819–820.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hope-Simpson RE: The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med 1965; 59: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ruppenthal M: Changes of the central nervous system herpes zoster. Acta Neuropath 1980; 52: 59–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gilden DH, Vafai A, Shtram Y, et al: Varicella-zoster virus DNA in human sensory ganglia. Nature 1983; 306: 478–480.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hyman RW, Ecker JR, Tenser RB: Varicella-zoster virus RNA in human trigeminal ganglia. Lancet1983; 2: 814–816.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ropper AH: Campylobacter diarrhea and Guillain-formation on the Barré syndrome. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 655–656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Arnason BGW: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies, in Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, et al (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy, 2nd ed, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1984, pp 2050–2100.

    Google Scholar 

  41. McKhann GM, Griin JW, Cornblath DR, et al: Plas-mapheresis and Guillain-Barré syndrome: analysis of prognostic factors and the effect of plasmapheresis.Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 347–353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. McKhann GM, Griffin JW, Cornblath DR, et al: Role of therapeutic plasmapheresis in the acute Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 1988; 20: 297–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Koski CL, Chou DK, Jungalwala FB: Anti-peripheral nerve myelin antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome bind a neutral glycolipid of peripheral nerve myelin and cross-react with Forssman antigen. J. Clin Invest 1989; 41: 280–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kennedy PGE: Neurological complications of var-icella-zoster virus, in Kennedy PGE, Johnson RT (eds): Infections of the Nervous System. London, But-terworths, 1987, pp 177–208

    Google Scholar 

  45. Denny-Brown D, Adams RD, Fitzgerald P: Patholog-ic features of herpes zoster: a note on “Geniculate” herpes Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1944; 51: 216–231.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ghatak NR, Zimmerman HM: Spinal ganglion in A light and electron microscopic study.Arch Pathol 1973; 95: 411–415.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Esiri MM, Tomlinson AH: Herpes zoster demonstra-tion of virus in trigeminal nerve and ganglion by immunofluoresce, and electron microscopy. J Neurol Sci 1972; 15: 35–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Swift TR, Rivner MH. Infectious diseases of nerve,in Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL (eds): Hand- book of Clinical Neurology, Vol 51, Revised Series 7:Neuropathies (Mathews WB, co-ed). Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishing, 1987; pp 179–194.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Thomas JE, Howard FM Jr: Segemental zoster pare-sis-a disease profile. Neurology 1972; 22: 459–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hunt JR: On herpetic inflammations of the geniculate ganglion. A new syndrome and its complications. J. Nery Ment Dis 1907; 34: 73–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Seljma KW, Raine CS: Tumor necrosis factor medi-ates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 339–346.

    Google Scholar 

  52. WHO Study Group: Chemotherapy of leprosy for control programmes. WHO Technical Report Series No. 675, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  53. WHO Geneva: Treatment and patient care, in A Guide to Leprosy Control, Ch 6. WHO, Geneva, 1988, pp. 30–46.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Jacobson RR, Trautman JR: The treatment of leprosy with the sulfones. I. Faget’s original 22 patients; a thirty year follow-up on sulfone therapy for leprosy. Int J Lepr 1971: 39: 726.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rosenblum ML, Levy RM, Bredesen DE (eds): AIDS and the Nervous System. New York, Raven, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Cornblath DR, McArthur JC, Kennedy GE, at al: Inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathies with human T-lymphotropic virus type III amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, infection. Ann Neurol 1987; 21: 32–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Miller RG, Parry G, Lang W, et al: AIDS-related inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy: prediction of response to plasma exchange with electrophysiologic testing. Muscle Nerve 1985; 8: 626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Bailey RO, Singh JK, Bishop MB: AIDS neuropathy: the role of axoplasmic transport. Neurology 1987;. 37(suppl 1 ): 356.

    Google Scholar 

  59. So YT, Holtzman DM, Abrams DI, et al: Peripheral neuropathy associated with acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome: prevalence and clinical features from a population-based survey. Arch Neurol n1988; 45: 945–948.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Yarchoan R, Brouwers P, Spitzer AR, et al: Re- sponse of human-immunodeficiency-virus-associated neurological disease to 3’ -azido-3’ deothymidine.Lancet 1987; 1: 132–135.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Said G, Lacroix-Ciaudo C, Fujimara H, et al: The peripheral neuropathy of necrotizing arteritis: a clini-copathological study. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 46–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Eidelberg D, Sotrel A, Vogel H, et al: Progressive polyradiculopathy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Neurology 1986; 36: 912–916

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Behar R, Wiley C, McCutchan JA: Cytomegalovirus polyradiculoneuropathy in acquired immune de ficiency syndrome. Neurology 1987; 37: 557–561.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Grafe MR, Wiley CA: Spinal cord and peripheral nerve pathology in AIDS: the roles of cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Neurol 1989; 25: 561–566.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Salazar-Grueso EF, Dawson G, Wollman R, et al: HTLV-I infection associated with a familial spastic paraparesis (FSP) syndrome (abstract). Ann Neurol26(1): 152, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Vernant J-C, Buisson G, Bellance R, et al: Pseudo- associated peripheral neuropathy and chronic polyradiculoneuritis in HTLV-I-asso-ciated paraplegias, in Roman GC, Vernant J-C,Osame M (eds): HTLV-I and the Nervous System.New York, Alan R Liss, 1989; pp 361–365.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Said G, Joskowicz M, Barreira Antunes A, et al: Neuropathy associated with experimental Chagas dis-ease. Ann Neurol 1985; 18: 676–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pagano MA, Basso S, Aristimuno GG, et al: Elec-tromyographical findings in human chronic Chagas disease. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr 1978; 42: 316–318.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Brener Z: Recent advances in the chemotherapy of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1984; 79 (suppl): 149–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Pappenheimer Jr AM: Diphtheria toxin. Ann Rev Biochem 1977; 46: 69–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Margileth A, Strano A, Chandra R, et al: Dis-seminated nosematosis in an immunologically com-promised infant. Arch Pathol 1973; 95: 145–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Jolleys JV: Treatment of shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia (editorials). Br Med J 1989; 298: 1537–1538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. McKendrick MW, McGill JI, Wood MW. Lack of. effect of acyclovir on postherpetic neuralgia. Br Med 1989; 289: 431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Edgar F. Salazar-Grueso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barry G. Arnason
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical College of Pennsylvania, Episcopal Hospital, 19125-1098, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David Schlossberg M.D., F.A.C.P. (Professor of Medicine,Director) (Professor of Medicine,Director)

  2. Department of Medicine, Episcopal Hospital, 19125-1098, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David Schlossberg M.D., F.A.C.P. (Professor of Medicine,Director) (Professor of Medicine,Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Salazar-Grueso, E.F., Arnason, B.G. (1990). Peripheral Nerve Disease Caused by Infection, Toxins, and Postinfectious Syndromes. In: Schlossberg, D. (eds) Infections of the Nervous System. Clinical Topics in Infectious Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9698-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9700-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9698-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation