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Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters pp 141–167Cite as

Phenols

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Part of the book series: Springer Series on Environmental Management ((SSEM))

Abstract

Phenols are a diverse group of organic chemicals consisting of a basic benzene ring and one or more hydroxyl groups. Simple phenol (hydroxybenzene, C6H5OH) was isolated in 1834 from coal tar. Although this was the only source of phenol until World War I, synthetic production gradually grew in importance and, by 1930, exceeded natural production. Today almost all phenol is manufactured by sulfonation of benzene and hydrolysis of the sulfonate. The more complex phenols are obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms attached to the benzene ring with various atoms (such as chlorine) or more complex substituents (such as methyl or nitro molecules).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alberta Environmental Centre, Vegreville, Alberta, T0B 4L0, Canada

    James W. Moore & S. Ramamoorthy

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  1. James W. Moore
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  2. S. Ramamoorthy
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© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

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Moore, J.W., Ramamoorthy, S. (1984). Phenols. In: Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9538-6_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9538-6_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9540-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9538-6

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