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Interactions between clay minerals and bipyridylium herbicides

  • Conference paper
Residue Reviews

Part of the book series: Residue Reviews ((RECT,volume 57))

Abstract

Adsorption of bipyridylium cations by clay minerals is a major mechanism for the biological inactivation of the herbicides diquat (1, 1′-ethylene-2, 2′bipyridyrium dibromide) and paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridylium diehloride) in the soil environment (Coats et al. 1966, Knight and Tomlinson 1967). Although humic substances also adsorb bipyridyls (I. G. Burns and Hayes 1974, Khan 1974), it has been shown (R. G. Burns and Audus 1970) that paraquat bound by soil organic matter is susceptible to microbial attack. When clay was added to this medium the paraquat was transferred to the clay and then became unavailable to plants and to microorganisms. That the type of clay mineral present in soil is important is implicit in the work of Weed and Weber (1969) which indicates that bipyridylium herbicides can remain to an extent in biologically available form when applied to soils where kaolinite and vermiculite are the predominant clay minerals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England

    M. H. B. Hayes & B. A. Toms

  2. Berkeley Nuclear Laboratories, C.E.G.B., Berkeley, Glocs., England

    M. E. Pick

Authors
  1. M. H. B. Hayes
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  2. M. E. Pick
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  3. B. A. Toms
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92502, USA

    Francis A. Gunther

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Hayes, M.H.B., Pick, M.E., Toms, B.A. (1975). Interactions between clay minerals and bipyridylium herbicides. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews, vol 57. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9391-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9391-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

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