Abstract
There are several reasons for making the behavior of pesticides in soils the subject of detailed investigations. A first type of problem in this field mainly concerns the effectiveness of applications, particularly in the case of the soil-applied pesticides. This group embraces many herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and insecticides, all having the common characteristic that they have to be taken up from the soil system in adequate amounts and at a sufficient rate to be effective. The central question here is how the desired control effect can be achieved with the lowest possible dosage. This involves such related questions as formulation, method of application, application conditions, methods of culture, and the control period to be expected. A second type of problem is that the use of pesticides may be attended by undesirable side effects, both during and after the intended control period. One of the most marked is phytotoxicity, which may result in loss of yield or quality. The compounds that occur in soil may frustrate the aim of keeping their residues in food crops as low as possible. Soil fertility may be affected through, for example, the effect on the soil microbe population. Possible contamination of groundwater is receiving increasing attention at the present time, when high quality sources of drinking water are becoming scarce.
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Leistra, M. (1973). Computation models for the transport of pesticides in soil. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews, vol 49. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9377-1_3
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