Skip to main content

Prospects, Perspectives, and Problems of Plant Genetic Engineering

  • Chapter
  • 219 Accesses

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 17))

Abstract

Plant genetic engineering has already gained importance because of its implications for crop improvement and productivity. The transgenic plant was first reported in 1983 (Herrera-Estaella et al, 1983a). During the last 6–7 years, a tremendous informational explosion in plant molecular biology and genetic engineering had taken place. It is expected that transgenic plants may yield a second green revolution in agriculture. At present a number of plant genes have been isolated, and not only genes from plants but also genes from bacteria and animals have been introduced into plants to study their expression and functions. Several reviews have already been published on the implications of transformation, regeneration, and expression of genes of agroeconomic importance (Eckes et al, 1987; Weising et al, 1988; Gasser and Fraley, 1989; Benfey and Chua, 1989). This chapter presents an overview of the most important aspects of plant genetic engineering. It is not our purpose to catalogue all the publications in the field or to examine critically the results of the work thus far reported. In this review the aim is to cover broad perspectives and problems so that an overall understanding of different aspects of research in plant genetic engineering can be obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abel, P. P., Nelson, R. S., De, B., Hoffman, N., Rogers, S. G., Fraley, R. T., and Beachy, R. N., 1986, Delay of disease development in transgenic plants that express the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene, Science 232:738–743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akiyoshi, P., Klee, H., Amasino, R., Nester, E., and Gordon, M., 1984, T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5994–5998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B., Couplaud, G., Fedoroff, N., Starlenger, P., and Schell, J., 1987, Phenotypic assay for excision of the maize controlling element Ac in tobacco, EMBO J. 6:1547–1554.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benfey, P. N., and Chua, N., 1989, Regulated genes in transgenic plants, Science 244:174–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benfey, P. N., Ren, L., and Chua, N. H., 1989, The CaMV 35S enhancer contains at least two domains which can confer different developmental tissue specific expression patterns,EMBO J. 8:2195–2202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernatzky, R., Anderson, M. A., and Clarke, A. E., 1989, Molecular genetics of self incompatibility in flowering plants, Dev. Genet. 9:1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, B. B., Pal, M., and Ghosh, U., 1989, Transgenic mung bean plants using agrobacterium mediated DNA transfer, in EMBO Symposium on Molecular Communication in Higher Plants p. 79, EMBL, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleeker, A. B., Estelle, M. A., Somerville, C., and Kende, H., 1988, A dominant mutation confers insensitivity to ethylene in Arabidopsis thaliana, Science 241:1086–1089.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohlmann, H., Clausen, S., Behnke, S., Giese, H., Hiller, C., Reimann-Philipp, U., Schrader, G., Barkholt, V., and Apel, K., 1988, Leaf specific thioneins of barley—A novel class of cell wall proteins toxic to plant pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants, EMBO J. 7:1559–1565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boiler, T., Gehri, A., Maunch, F., and Vogeli, U., 1983, Chitinase in bean leaf: Induction by ethylene, purification, properties and possible function, Planta 157:22–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonierbale, M. W., Plaisted, R. L., and Tanksley, S. D., 1988, RFLP maps based on a common set of clones reveal modes of chromosomal evolution in potato and tomato, Genetics 120:1095- 1103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botstein, D., White, R. L., Skolnick, M., and Davis, R. W., 1980, Construction of genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2:314–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botterman, J., and Leemans, J., 1988, Engineering herbicide resistance in plants, Trends Genet. 4:219–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovre, K., and Szybalski, W., 1969, Patterns of convergent and overlapping transcription within b2 region of coliphage lambda, Virology 38:614–626.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton, J. E., Gillham, N. W., Harris, E. H., Hosier, J. P., Johnson, A. M., Jones, A. R., Randolph-Anderson, B. L., Robertson, D., Klein, T. M., Shark, K. B., and Sanford, J. C., 1988, Chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomoms with high velocity microprojectiles, Science 240:1534–1538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braaksma, F. J., and Feenstra, W. J., 1982, Isolation and characterization of nitrate deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, Theor. Appl. Genet. 4:83–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brisson, N., and Hohn, T., 1986, Plant virus vectors: Cauliflower mosaic virus,Methods Enzymol. 8:659–668.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brisson, N., Paszkowski, J., Penswick, J. R., Gronenborn, B., Potrykus, I., and Hohn, T., 1984, Expression of a bacterial gene in plants by using a viral vector, Nature 310:511–514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broglie, K. E., Gaynor, T. J., and Broglie, R. M., 1986, Ethylene regulated gene expression: Molecular cloning of the genes encoding an endochitinase from Phaseolus vulgaris, Proc. Natl. Acad. Set USA 83:6820–6824.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browse, J., Kunst, L., McCourt, P., and Somerville, C. R., 1987, Arabidopsis, UCLA Symp. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:437–447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C., Bowman, J. C., Dejohn, A. W., Lander, E. S., and Meyerowitz, E. S., 1988, Restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map for Arabidopsis thaliana, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6856–6860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, A. Y., Bogorad, L., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1988, Relocating a gene for herbicide tolerance: A chloroplast gene is coverted into a nuclear gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:391–395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chilton, M. D., Tepfer, D. A., Petit, D. C., Casse-Delbart, F., andTempe, J., 1982, Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Inserts T-DNA into the genomes of the host plant cells,Nature 295:432–434.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collinge, D. B., and Slusarenko, A. J., 1987, Plant gene expression in response to pathogens, Plant Mol. Biol. 9:389–410.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comai, L., Facciotti, D., Hiatt, W. R., Thompson, G., Rose, R. E., and Stalker, D. M., 1985, Expression in plants of a mutant aro A gene from Salmoella typhimurium confer tolerance to glyphosate Nature 317:741–744.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornish, E. C., Anderson, M. A., and Clarks, A. E., 1988, Molecular aspects of fertilization in flowering plants, Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 4:209–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuozzo, M., O’Connell, K. M., Kaniewski, W., Fang, R-X., Chua, N-H., and Turner, N. E., 1988, Viral protection in trangenic tobacco plants expressing the cucumber mosaic virus coat protein or its antisense RNA, Biotechnology 6:549–557.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darvill, A. G., and Albersheim, P., 1984, Phytoalexins and their elicitors—A defence against microbial infection in plants, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 5:243–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, J. W., and Stanley, J., 1989, Geminivirus genes and vectors, Trends Genet. 5:77–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBlock, M., Botterman, J., Vandewiele, M., Dockx, J., Thoen, C., Gossele, V., Mova, N. R., Thompson, C., Van Montagu, M., and Leemans, J., 1987, Engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzymes, EMBO J. 6:2513–2518.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delauney, A. J., Tabaeizadeh, Z., and Verma, D. P. S., 1988, A stable Afunctional antisense transcript inhibiting gene expression in transgenic plants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4300- 4305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditta, G., Stanfield, S., Corbin, D., and Helsinksi, D. R., 1980, Broad host range DNA cloning system for gram negative bacteria: Construction of a gene bank of Rhizobium melioti, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:7347–7351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, R. A., 1986, The phytoalexin response: Elicitation, signalling and control of host gene expression, Biol. Rev. 1:239–291.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, L. K., and Leaver, C. J., 1982, Mitochondrial gene expression and cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum, Plant Mol. Biol. 1:89–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, C. J., Staneloni, R. J., Rubin, R. A., and Nester, E. W., 1985, Identification and genetic analysis of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens chromosomal virulence region, J. Bacteriol. 1:850–860.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert, P. R., Anderson, M. A., Bernatzky, R., Altschuler, R, and Clarke, A. E., 1989, Genetic polymorphism of self-incompatibility in flowering plants, Cell 56:255–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecker, J. R., and Davis, R. W., 1986, Inhibition of gene expression in plant cells by expression of antisense RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5372–5376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckes, P., Donn, G., and Wengenmayer, F., 1987, Genetic engineering with plants, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 6:382–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericson, M. C., and Alfmito, S. H., 1984, Protein produced during salt stress in tobacco cell culture, Plant Physiol. 4:506–509.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escote, L. J., Gabay-Laughnan, S. J., and Laughnan, J. R., 1985, Cytoplasmic reversion of fertility in cms-S maize need not involve loss of linear mitochondrial plasmids, Plasmid 14:263–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esquerre-Tugaye, M. T., and Lamport, D. T. A., 1979, Cell surfaces in plant microorganism interactions. I. A structural investigation of cell wall hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins which accumulate in fungus infected plants, Plant Physiol. 4:314–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esquerre-Tugaye, M. T., Mazan, D., Pelissier, B., Roby, D., and Toppan, A., 1984, Elicitors and ethylene trigger defence responses in plants, in Ethylene: Biochemical, Physiological and Applied Aspects (Y. Fuchs and Y. Chalutz, eds.), pp. 217–218, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estelle, M. A., and Somerville, C., 1986, The mutants of Arabidopsis, Trends Genet. 2:89–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etessami, P., Callis, R., Ellwood, S., and Stanley, J., 1988, Delimitation of essential genes of cassava latent virus DNA2, Nucleic Acids Res. 6:4811–4829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff, N., Furtek, D., and Nelson, O., Jr., 1984, Cloning of bronze locus in maize by a simple and generalizable procedure using the transposable controlling element activator (Ac), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3825–3829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldmann, K., Marks, M., Christianson, M., and Quatrano, R., 1989, A dwarf mutant of Arabidopsis generated by T-DNA insertion mutagenesis, Science 243:1351–1354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fillatti, J. A., Sellmor, J., McCown, B., Heissig, B., and Comai, L., 1987, Agrobacterium mediated transformation and regeneration of Populus, Mol. Gen. Genet. 6:192–199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischhop, D. A., Bowdish, K. S., Perlak, F. J., Marrone, P. G., McCormick, S. M., Niedermeyer, J. G., Dean, D. A., Kusano-Kretzmer, K., Mayer, E. J., Rochester, D. E., Rogers, S. G., and Fraley, R. T., 1987, Insect tolerant transgenic tomato plants, Biotechnology 5:807–813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraley, R. T., Rogers, S. G., Horsh, R. B., Eichholtz, A. D., Flick, S. J., Fink, C. L., Hoffmann, N. L., and Sanders, P. R., 1985, The SEV system: A new disarmed Ti plasmid vector system for plant transformation, Biotechnology 3:629–635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • French, R., Janda, M., and Ahlquist, P., 1986, Bacterial gene inserted in an engineered RNA virus: Efficient expression in monocotyledonous plant cells, Science 231:1294–1297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friend, J., 1981, Plant phenolics, lignification and plant disease, in Progress in Phytochemistry, Vol. 7 (L. Rheinhold, J. B. Harborne, and T. Sewain, eds.), pp. 197–261, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend, J., 1985, Phenolic substances and plant disease, Annu. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. 5:367–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, D. J., and Nester, E. W., 1980, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mutants affected in crown gall tumerigenesis and octopine catabolism, J. Bacteriol. 4:732–743.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasser, C. S., and Fraley, R. T., 1989, Genetically engineering plants for crop improvement, Science 244:1293–1299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, J., Sanchez-Martinez, D., Stiefel, V., Rigan, J., Puigdomenech, P., and Pages, M., 1988, A gene induced by the plant hormone abscisic acid in response to water stress encodes a glycine rich protein, Nature 334:262–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grand, C., and Rossignol, M., 1982, Changes in the lignification process induced by localized infection of muskmelons with Colletotrichum lagenarium, Plant Sci. Lett. 8:103–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimsley, N., Hohn, B., and Walden, R., 1986, Agroinfection and alternative route for viral infection of plants by using Ti plasmid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3282–3286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerche, P., Jouanin, L., Tepfer, D., Pelletier, G., 1987, Genetic transformation of oil seed rape (Brassica napus) by the Ri T-DNA ofAgrobacterium rhizogenes and analysis of inheritance of the transformed phenotype,Mol. Gen. Genet. 6:382–386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock, K., Lamb, C. J., Purwin, C., Ebel, J., Fautz, E., and Schafer, E., 1981, Rapid response of suspension-cultured parsley cells to the elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma var. sojal. Induction of the enzymes of general phenyl propanoid metabolism, Plant Physiol. 7:768–773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, M. R., and Conde, M. F., 1985, Functioning and variation of cytoplasmic genomes: Lessons from cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions affecting male fertility in plants,Int. Rev. Cytol. 4:213–267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haughn, G. W., Smith, J., Mazur, B., and Somerville, C., 1988, Transformation with a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase gene renders tobacco resistant to sulphonyl urea herbicides, Mol. Gen. Genet. 1:266–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helentjaris, T., 1987, A genetic linkage map for maize based on RFLPs, Trends Genet. 3:217–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernalsteens, J. P., Van Vliet, F., de Beuckeleer, M., Depicker, A., and Engler, G., 1980, The Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid as a host vector system for introducing foreign DNA in plant cells, Nature 287:654–656.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera-Estrella, L., Depicker, A., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1983a, Expression of chimeric genes transformed into plant cells using a Ti-plasmid derived vector, Nature 303:209–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrera-Estrella, L., DeBlock, M., Messens, E., Harnalsteens, J. P., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1983b, Chimeric genes as dominant selectable markers in plant cells, EMBO J. 2:987–995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiatl, A., Cafferkey, R., and Bowdish, K., 1989, Production of antibodies in transgenic plants, Nature 342:76–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilder, V. A., Gatehouse, A. M. R., Sheeraman, S. E., Barker, R. F., and Boulter, D., 1987, A novel mechanism of insect resistance engineered into tobacco,Nature 330:160–163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hille, A., Purwin, C., and Ebel, J., 1982, Induction of enzymes of phytoalexin synthesis in cultured soybean cells by an elicitor from phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, Plant Cell Rep. 1:123–127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinchee, M. A. W., Connor-Ward, D. V., Newell, C. A., McDonnell, R. E., Sato, S. J., Gasser, C. S., Fischhoff, T. A., Re, B., Fraley, R. T., and Horsch, R. B., 1988, Production of transgenic soybean plants using agrobacterium mediated DNA transfer, Biotechnology 6:915–922.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, S. H., Walker, L. L., and Walden, R. M., 1981, Rescue of in vitro generated mutants of the cloned cauliflower mosaic virus genome in infected plants, Nature 293:483–486.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, M., 1988, Antisense RNA: Its functions and applications in gene regulation—A review, Gene 72:25–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • John, M. E., and Long, C. M., 1990, Sequence analysis of arcelin 2, a lectin like plant protein, Gene 86:171–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. A., Anziano, P. G., Shark, K., Sanford, J. C., and Butow, R. A., 1988, Mitochondrial transformation in yeast by bombardment with microprojectile, Science 240:1538–1540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. D. G., Dean, C., Gidoni, D., Gilbert, D., Bond-Nutter, D., Lee, R., Bedbrook, J., and Dunsmuir, P., 1988, Expression of bacterial chitinase protein in tobacco leaves using two photosynthetic gene promoters,Mol. Gen. Genet. 2:536–542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joos, H., Inze, D., Caplan, A., Sormann, M., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1983, Genetic analysis of T-DNA transcripts in nopaline crown galls, Cell 32:1057–1067.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karssen, C. M., Groot, S. P. C., and Koorneef, M., 1987, Hormone mutants and seed dormancy in Arabidopsis and tomato, in Developmental Mutants of Higher Plants (H. Thomas and D. Grierson, eds.), pp. 119–133, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Key, J. L., Kimpel, J., Vierling, E., Lin, C. Y., and Nagao, R. T., 1985, in Changes in Eukaryotic Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress (B. G. Atkinson and D. B. Walden, eds.), pp. 327–348, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana, J. P., and Poff, K. L., 1988, Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered phototropism, Plant Physiol. 6:29–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klee, H. J., Muskopf, Y. M., and Gasser, C. S., 1987, Cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase: ¿Sequence analysis and manipulation to obtain glyphosate tolerant plants, Mol. Gen. Genet. 0:437–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, T. M., Wolf, E. D., Wu, R., and Sanford, J. C., 1987, High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells, Nature 327:70–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, F., Golz, C., Eapen, S., Kohn, H., and Scheider, O., 1987, Stable transformation of moth beanVigna aconitifolia via direct gene transfer, Plant Cell Rep. 6:313–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krens, F. A., Molendijk, L., Wullems, G. J., and Schilperoort, R. A., 1982, In vitro transformation of plant protoplasts with Ti plasmid DNA, Nature 296:72–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, D. N., Chappell, J., Boudet, A., and Hahlbrock, K., 1984, Induction of phenyl ammonia lyase and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase mRNAs in cultured plant cells by UV light or fungal elicitor, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81:1102–1106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, C. J., Lawton, M. D., and Dixon, R. A., 1989, Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack, Cell 56:215–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landry, B. S., Kesseli, R. V., Farrara, B., and Michelmore, R. W., 1987, A genetic map of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) with restriction fragment length polymorphism, isozyme, disease resistance and morphological markers, Genetics 116:331–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, M. A., Dixon, R. A., Hahlbrock, K., and Lamb, C. J., 1983, Elicitor induction of mRNA activity. Rapid effects of elicitor on phynylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNA activities in bean cells, Eur. J. Biochem. 0:131–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S-C., and West, C. A., 1981, Polygalactouronase from Rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings, Plant Physiol 67:633–639.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K., Townsend, J., Tepperman, J., Black, M., Chiu, C., Mazur, B., Dunsmuir, P., and Bed- brook, J., 1988, The molecular basis of sulphonylurea herbicide resistance in tobacco, EMBO J. 7:1241–1248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legrand, M., 1983, Phenylpropanoid metabolism and its regulation in disease, in Biochemical Plant Pathology (J. Callow, ed.), pp. 367–384, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levings, C. S., Ill, and Brown, G. G., 1989, Molecular biology of plant mitochondria, Cell 56:171- 179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, F. L., Sperle, K., and Stenberg, N., 1985, Recombination in mouse L-cells between DNA introduced into cells and homologous chromosomal sequences, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82:1391–1395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T. P., Casper, T., Somerville, C., and Preiss, J., 1988, Isolation and characterization of a starchless mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynh lacking ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, Plant Physiol 86:1131–1135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist, S., 1986, The heat-shock response,Annu. Rev. Biochem. 5:1151–1191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale, D. M., Hodge, T. P., and Fauron, C. M. R., 1984, The physical map and organization of the mitochondrial genome from fertile cytoplasm of maize, Nucleic Acids Res. 2:9249–9261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorz, H., Baker, B., and Schell, J., 1985, Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation, Mol. Gen. Genet. 9:178–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matto, A. K., and Eldelman, M., 1987, Intramembrane translocation and posttranslation and pal- mitoylation of the chloroplast 32-KDa herbicide-binding protein, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84:1497–1501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauch, F., Hadwiger, L. A., and Boiler, T., 1984, Ethylene: Symptom, not signal for the induction of chitinase and p-1,3-gluconase in pea pods by pathogens and elicitors,Plant Physiol 76:607- 611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazan, D., and Esquerre-Tugaye, M. T., 1986, Hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein accumulation in the cell walls of plants infected by various pathogens,Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 29:147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, D. E., Swain, W. F., Martinell, B. J., and Christou, P., 1988, Stable transformation of soybean(Glycine max) by particle acceleration, Biotechnology 6:923–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCouch, S. R., Kochert, G., Yu, Z. H., Wang,Z.Y., Khush, G. S., Coffman, W. R., and Tanksley, S. T., 1988, Molecular mapping of rice chromosomes, Theor. Appl. Genet. 6:815- 829.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyerowitz, E. M., 1987, Arabidopsis thaliana, Annu. Rev. Genet. 1:93–111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyerowitz, E. M, 1989, Arabidopsis, a useful weed,Cell 56:263–269.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moffatt, B., and Somerville, C., 1988, Positive selection for male sterile mutants of Arabidopsis lacking adenine phosphoribosyl transferase activity, Plant Physiol. 6:1150–1154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, J., and Chrispeels, M. J., 1989, A lectin gene encodes the alpha amylase inhibitor of the common bean, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7885–7889.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundy, J., and Chua, N-H., 1988, Abscisic acid and water stress induce the expression of a novel rice gene, EMBO J. 7:2279–2286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, N., and Kemp, J., 1982, Octopine synthase mRNA isolated from sunflower crown gall callus is homologous to the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:86–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murasugi, A., Wada, C., and Hayashi, Y., 1983, Occurrence of acid labile sulphide in cadmium binding peptide I from fission yeast, J. Biochem. 3:661–664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrallah, M. E., and Nasrallah, J. B., 1986, Molecular biology of self incompatibility in plants, Trends Genet. 2:239–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrallah, J. B., Yu, S. M., and Nasrallah, M. E., 1988, Self incompatibility genes of Brassica oleraceae: Expression, isolation and structure, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5551–5555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, E. J., Beckman, J. M., and Hadwiger, L. A., 1980, Glycosidic enzyme activity in pea tissue and pea-Fusarium solani interactions, Plant Physiol. 6:199–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta, Y., 1986, High efficiency genetic transformation of maize by a mixture of pollen and exogenous DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:715–719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, T. C., Alexander, D. C., Sun, S. S. M., Cardona, C., and Bliss, F. A., 1988, Insecticidal activity and lectin homology of arcelin seed protein, Science 240:207–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paszkowski, J., Bam, M., Bogucki, A., and Potrykus, I., 1988, Gene targeting in plants,EMBO J. 7:4021–4026.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, A. H., Lander, E. S., Hewitt, J. D., Paterson, S., Lincoln, S. E., and Tanksley, S. D., 1988, Resolution of quantitative traits into Mendelian factors by using a complete RFLP linkage map, Nature 335:721–726.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, P. A., Stark, D. M., Sanders, P. R., and Beachi, R. N., 1989, Protection against tobacco mosaci virus in transgenic plants that express tobacco mosaic virus antisense RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6949–6952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pring, D. R., Levings III C. S., Hu, W. W. L., and Timothy, D. H., 1977, Unique DNA associated with mitochondria in the “S”-type cytoplasm of male-sterile maize, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:2904–2908.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reineri, D. M., Bottino, P., Gordon, M. P., and Nester, E. W., 1990, Agrobacterium mediated transformation of rice (Oriza sativa L.), Biotechnology 8:33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, C. A., Pierce, D. A., Mettler, I. J., Mascarenhas, D., and Detmer, J. J., 1988, Genetically transformed maize plants from protoplasts, Science 240:204–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roby, D., Toppan, A., and Esquerre-Tugaye, M. T., 1985, Cell surfaces in plant microorganism interactions. V. Elicitors of fungal and of plant origin trigger the synthesis of ethylene and of cell wall hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein in plant, Plant Physiol. 7:700–704.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roby, D., Toppan, A., and Esquerre-Tugaye, M. T., 1986, Cell surfaces in plant-microorganism interactions. VI. Elicitors of ethylene from Colletotrichum lagenarium trigger chitinase activity in melon plants, Plant Physiol. 1:228–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodermel, S. R., Merilyn, S. A., and Bogorad, L., 1988, Nuclear antisense gene—Inhibits RuBP carboxylase levels in chloroplasts of transformed tobacco plants,Cell 55:673–681.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J., 1988, RNA complementary to alpha amylase mRNA in barley, PlantMol. Biol. 1:125- 138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein, S. J., DiMaio, S., Strand, J. M., and Rice, D., 1987, Stable and heritable inhibition of the nopaline synthase in tobacco expressing antisense RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4300- 4304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouser, W., 1984, Isolation and partial purification of Cadmium-binding protein from roots of the grass Agrostis gigantia, Plant Physiol. 4:1025–1029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, M. M., and Freeling, M., 1978, Selective synthesis of alcohol dehydrogenase during anaerobic treatment of maize, Mol. Gen. Genet. 1:111–115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Serrano, J., Schmidt, R., Sohell, J., and Willmitzer L., 1986, Nucleotide sequence of proteinase inhibitor II encoding cDNA of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and its mode of expression, Mol. Gen. Genet. 3:15–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, S. J., Stayton, M., Townsend, J. A., Ralston, M. L., Bredbrook, J. R., and Dunsmuir, P., 1988, Inhibition of gene expression in transformed plants by antisense RNA, Plant Mol. Biol. 1:301–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schell, J., 1987, Transgenic plants as tools to study the molecular organization of plant genes, Science 237:1176–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, N. J., Ashburner, M., and Tessieres, A. (eds.), 1982, Heat Shock from Bacteria to Man, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlumbaum, A., Mauch, F., Vogeli, U., and Boiler, T., 1986, Plant chitinases are potent inhibitors of fungal growth, Nature 324:665–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R., Burr, F., and Burr, B., 1987, Transposon tagging and molecular analysis of the maize regulatory locus opaque-2, Science 238:960–963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, D., Harsh, R. B., Lee, H., Kishore, G., Winter, J., Turner, N., Hironka, C., Sanders, P., Gasser, C., Alkent, S., Siegal, N., Rogers, S., and Fraley, R., 1986, Engineering herbicide tolerance in transgenic plants, Science 233:478–481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamoto, K., Terada, R., Izawa, T., and Fujimoto, H., 1989, Fertile transgenic rice plants regenerated from transformed protoplasts, Nature 338:273–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sijmons, P. C., Dekker, B. M. M., Schrammeijer, B., Verwoerd, T. C., Van der Elzen, P. J. M., and Hoekema, A., 1990, Production of correctly processed human serum albumbumin in transgenic plants, Biotechnology 8:217–221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, R. W., and Kleckner, N., 1983, Translational control of IS-10 transposition, Cell 34:683- 691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. A., and Banks, S. W., 1986, Biosynthesis, elicitation and biological activity of iso- flavonoid phytoalexins, Phytochemistry 25:979–995.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. J. S., Watson, C. F., Ray, J., Bird, C. R., Morris, P. C., Schuch, W., and Grierson, D., 1988, Antisense RNA inhibition of polygalacturonase gene expression in transgenic tomatoes, Nature 334:724–726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somerville, C., and Grill, E., 1989, Genetic methods of gene isolation in Arabidopsis, in EMBO Symposium on Molecular Communication in Higher Plants, pp. 57–58, EMBL, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stalker, D. M., McBride, K., and Malyj, L. D., 1988, Herbicide resistance in transgenic plants expressing a bacterial detoxification gene, Science 242:419–422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, J., and Townsend, R., 1986, Infectious mutants of cassava latent vims generated in vivo from intact recombinant clones containing single copies of the genome, Nucleic Acids Res. 4:5981–5998.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, J., Markham, P. G., Callis, R. J., and Pinner, M. S., 1986, The nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of the gemini virus beet curly top virus, EMBO J. 5:1761–1767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, J., Hunt, D., and Williams, B., 1986, Accumulation of non protein metal binding polypeptides (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl) n-glycine in selected cadmium resistant tomato cells, J. Biol. Chem. 1:13879–13882.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley, S., Miller, J., Paterson, A., and Bernatzky, R., 1988a, Molecular mapping of plant chromosomes, in Chromosome Structure and Function (J. F. Gustafson and R. Appels, eds.), pp. 157–173, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley, S. D., Bernatz, R., Lapitan, N. L., and Prince, J. P., 1988b, Conservation of gene repertoire but not gene order in pepper and tomato, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6419–6423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanksley, S. D., Young, N. D., Paterson, A. H., and Bonierbales, M. W., 1989, RFLP mapping in plant breeding: New tools for an old science, Biotechnology 7:257–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tepfer, D., 1984, Transformation of several species of higher plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype, Cell 37:959–967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomashow, M., Hugly, S., Buchholz, W., and Thomashow, C., 1986, Molecular basis for the auxin-independent phenotype of crown gall tumor tissues, Science 231:616–618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topfer, R., Gronenborn, B., Schell, J., and Steinbiss, H., 1989, Uptake and transient expression of chemeiric genes in seed derived emryos, Plant Cell 1:133–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaeck, M., Reynaerts, A., Hofte, H., Jansens, S., Benckelean, M. D., Dean, C., Zabeau, M., Van Montagu, M., and Leemans, J., 1987, Transgenic plants protected from insect attack,Nature 328:33–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Haute, E., Joos, H., Maes, M., Warren, G., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1983, In- tergeneric transfer and exchange recombination of restriction fragments cloned in pBR322: A novel strategy for reversed genetics of the Ti plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, EMBO J. 2:411–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Krol, A. R., Lemting, E. E., Veenstra, J., Van der Meer, I. B., Koes, R. E., Gerats, A. G. M., Mol, J. N. M., and Stuitje, A. R., 1988a, An antisense chalcone synthase gene in transgenic plants inhibits flower pigmentation, Nature 333:866–869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Krol, A. R., Mol, J. N. M., and Stuitje, A. R., 1988b, Antisense gene in plants: An overview, Gene 72:45–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Larebeke, N., Engler, G., Holsters, M., Van den Elsaker, S., Zaeneu, I., Schilperoort, R. A., and Schell, J., 1974, Large plasmid in agrobacterium tumefaciens essential for crown gall- inducing ability, Nature 252:169–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Sluys, M. A., Temple, J., and Fedoroff, N., 1987, Studies on the introduction and mobility of the maize activator element in Arabidopsis thaliana and Daucus carota, EMBO J. 6:3881–3889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vance, C. E., Kirk, T. K., and Sherwood, R. T., 1980, Lignification as a mechanism of disease resistance, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 8:259–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandekerchkhove, J., Van Damme, J., Van Lijsebettens, M., Botterman, J., DeBlock, M., Vande- wiele, M., De Clercq, A., Leemans, J., Van Montagu, M., and Krebbers, E., 1989, Enkephalins produced in transgenic plants using modified 2S seed storage proteins, Biotechnology 7:929–932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon, L. C., 1985, Pathogenesis related proteins, Plant Mol. Biol. 4:111–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varner, J. E., and Lin, L.S., 1989, Plant cell wall architecture, Cell 56:231–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilaine, F., and Casse-Delbart, F., 1987, A new vector derived from Agrobacterium rhizogenes plasmids: A micro-Ri plasmid and its use to construct a mini Ri plasmid, Gene 55:105- 114.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, A., Etessami, P., and Stanley, J., 1988, Expression of a bacterial gene in plants mediated by infectious gemini virus DNA, EMBO J. 7:1583–1587.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, B., Currier, T. C., Gordon, M. P., Chilton, M. D., and Nester, E. W., 1975, Plasmid required for virulence ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens, J. Bacteriol. 3:255–264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weising, K., Schell, J., and Kahl, G., 1988, Foreign genes in plants: Transfer, structure, expression, and applications, Annu. Rev. Genet. 2:421–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. F., 1979, Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco, Virology 99:410–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, L. G., Fry, J. C., 1986, Extensin—A major cell wall glycoprotein,Plant Cell Env. 9:239- 260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, N. S., VanderLeyden, J., Bennet, D., Barnes, W. H., and Chilton, M. D., 1982, Short direct repeats flank the T-DNA on a nopaline Ti plasmid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:6322–6326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanofsky, M. F., Porter, S. G., Young, C., Albright, L. M., Gordon, M. P., and Nester, E. W., 1986, The vir D operon ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens encodes a site specific endonuclease, Cell 47:411–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaenen, I., Van Larebeke, N., Teuchy, H., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1974, Supercoiled circular DNA in crown-gall inducing Agrobacterium strains, J. Mol. Biol. 6:109–127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zambryski, P., Holsters, M., Kruger, K., Depicker, A., Schell, J., Van Montagu, M., and Goodman, H., 1980, Tumor DNA structure in plant cells transformed by A. tumefaciens, Science 209:1385–1391.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zambryski, P., Joos, H., Genetello, C., Leemans, J., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J., 1983, Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without altering their regeneration capacity, EMBO J. 2:2143–2150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zambryski, P., Tempe, J., and Schell, J., 1989, Transfer and function of T-DNA genes from Agrobacterium Ti and Ri plasmids in plants, Cell 56:193–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W., and Wu, R., 1988, Efficient regeneration of transgenic plants from rice protoplasts and correctly regulated expression of the foreign gene in the plants, Theor. Appl. Genet. 6:835–840.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Biswas, B.B. (1991). Prospects, Perspectives, and Problems of Plant Genetic Engineering. In: Biswas, B.B., Harris, J.R. (eds) Plant Genetic Engineering. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 17. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9365-8_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9367-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9365-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics