Abstract
One of the most challenging problems in surgery, has been the treatment of patients with fractures involving the entire craniomaxillofacial skeleton. Until recently, these severe injuries had been primarily managed with maxillomandibular fixation, wire osteosynthesis and suspension, and head frames, with the all too frequent sequelae of orbital deformities, inadequate anteroposterior facial projection, shortening of facial height, and soft tissue malformations.1 Rigid fixation techniques now permit accurate reconstruction of these extensive fracture patterns with superior long-term results, without the frequency or severity of the kinds of defects seen with traditional methods. Because of these complications, many surgeons began to utilize craniofacial and orthognathic surgical techniques in the management of pancraniomaxillofacial fractures.2,3 As a result of this surgical progress, AO/ASIF instrumentation has undergone significant refinement, with a wide variety of hardware now available to permit stabilization of the many types of fragments encountered by these advanced approaches.1
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© 1993 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
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Greenberg, A.M., Hammer, B., Prein, J. (1993). Pancraniomaxillofacial Fractures. In: Greenberg, A.M. (eds) Craniomaxillofacial Fractures. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9287-3_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9287-3_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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