Abstract
Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is a matter of chance rather than scientific discovery. The same frustration confounds any attempt at detecting early recurrence of disease. Currently, laparoscopic examination and laparotomy are the only means available that have a predictable rate of accuracy. Periodic gynecologic examinations have not been helpful. Cul-de-sac aspiration, cytology, and serum enzyme studies have limited application in the initial diagnosis. Tumor markers, such as CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, NB/70K, LASA-P, carcinoembryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, acute phase reactive proteins, complement components, and complement inhibitors, if present, can serve to monitor response to treatment. Ultrasonography is employed to evaluate the position and volume of tumor; and if disease is identified with this technique, ultrasonography is employed to monitor therapy.
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Barber, H.R.K. (1993). Second Look Operation. In: Ovarian Carcinoma. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9232-3_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9232-3_19
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