Skip to main content

Current and Future Vaccines against Theileriosis

  • Chapter
Veterinary Vaccines

Part of the book series: Progress in Vaccinology ((VACCINOLOGY,volume 4))

  • 180 Accesses

Abstract

Organisms of the genus Theileria are important tick-borne protozoan pathogens of domestic livestock occurring throughout much of the world. In many developing countries the diseases that they cause impose serious constraints on the improvement of livestock, particularly cattle. The two most important species infecting cattle are Theileria annulata and T. parva. Theileria annulata is transmitted by Hyalomma species ticks and occurs across a vast area extending from the Mediterranean to China. It infects domestic or swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and causes tropical theileriosis in cattle. Theileria parva is a parasite of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle. It is transmitted by Rhipicephalus species ticks in eastern, central, and southern Africa. It causes diseases known variously as January disease, corridor disease and East Coast fever. The distribution of the two parasites does not overlap and Sudan is the only country in which both are known to occur (30).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aggarwal A, Kumar S, Jaffe R, et al: Oral Salmonella: Malaria circumsporozoite recombinants induce specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 1083–1090.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahmed JS, Diesling L, Oechtering H, et al: The role of antibodies in immunity against Theileria annulata infection in cattle. Zentralb Bakteriol Parasiten Infectionskrankheit Hygeine (Abteil 1 ) 1988; 267: 425–431.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Allsopp BA, Allsopp MTEP: Theileria parva: Genomic DNA studies reveal intra-specific sequence diversity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1988; 28: 77–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Allsopp B, Carrington M, Baylis H, et al: Improved characterization of Theileria parva isolates using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1989; 35: 137–147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bader R, Moll G, Lohding A: Morphological findings in bovine cerebral theileriosis (BCT). J Vet Med 1986; 33: 266–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Baldwin CL, Black SJ, Brown WC, et al: Bovine T-cells, B-cells and null cells are transformed by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 462–467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barnett SF: Connective tissue reactions in acute fatal East Coast fever (Theileria parva) of cattle. J Infect Dis 1964; 107: 253–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bennink JR, Yewdell JW, Smith GL, et al: Recombinant vaccinia virus primes and stimulates influenza haemagglutinin-specific cytotoxic T cells. Nature (London) 1984; 311: 578–579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bensaid A, Naessens J, Kemp SJ, et al: An immunochemical analysis of class I (BOLA) molecules on the surface of bovine cells. Immunogenetics 1988; 27: 139–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Berkvens DL, Geysen DM, Lynen GM: East Coast fever immunization in the eastern province of Zambia. In: Dolan TT (ed): Theileriosis in East, Central and Southern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop on East Coast Fever Immunization. Nairobi: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1989, pp 83–86.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bjorkman PJ, Sapper MA, Samraoui B, et al: The foreign antigen site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature (London) 1987; 329: 512–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brown CGD, Stagg DA, Purnell RE, et al: Infection and transformation of bovine lymphoid cells in vitro by infective particles of Theileria parva. Nature (London) 1973; 245: 101–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown CDD, Crawford JG, Kanhai GK, et al: Immunization of cattle against East Coast fever with lymphoblastoid cell lines infected and transformed by Theileria parva. In: Wilde JKH (ed): Tick-Borne Diseases and Their Vectors. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University, 1978, pp 331–333.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brown CGD: Application of in vitro techniques to vaccination against theileriosis. In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS (eds): Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981, pp 104–119.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brown WC, Lonsdale-Eccles JD, DeMartini JC, Grab DJ: Recognition of soluble Theileria parva antigen by bovine helper T cell clones: Characterisation and partial purification of the antigen. J Immunol 1990; 144: 271–277.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Burridge MJ, Kimber CD: The indirect fluorescent antibody test for experimental East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection of cattle). Evaluation of a cell culture schizont antigen. Res Vet Sci 1972; 13: 451–455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Burridge MJ, Morzaria SP, Cunningham MP, Brown CGD: Duration of immunity to East Coast fever Theileria parva infection of cattle. Parasitology 1972; 64: 511–515.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chema S, Waghela S, James AD, et al: Clinical trial of parvaquone for the treatment of East Coast fever in Kenya. Vet Rec 1986; 119: 588–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chema S, Chumo RS, Dolan TT, et al: Clinical trial of haloguginone lactate for the treatment of East Coast fever in Kenya. Vet Rec 1987; 121: 575–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Conrad PA, Kelly BG, Brown CGD: Intraerythrocytic schizogony of Theileria annulata. Parasitology 1985; 91: 67–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Conrad PA, Denham D, Brown CGD: Intraerythrocytic multiplication of Theileria parva in vitro: An ultrastructural study. Int J Parasitol 1986; 16: 223–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Conrad PA, Iams K, Brown WC, et al: DNA probes detect genomic diversity in Theileria parva stocks. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1987; 25: 213–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Cunningham MP, Brown CGD, Burridge MJ, Purnell RE: Cryopreservation of infective particles of Theileria parva. Int J Parasitol 1973; 3: 583–587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dobbelaere DAE, Spooner PR, Barry WC, Irvin AD: Monoclonal antibody neutralises the sporozoite stage of different Theileria parva stocks. Parasite Immunol 1984; 6: 361–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dolan TT, Stagg DA, Njuguna LM: The antitheilerial effects of Theileria parva reaction and recovery sera in vitro. Int J Parasitol 1985; 15: 43–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dolan TT, Mutugi JJ: The fertility of Boran heifers immunized against buffalo-derived Theileria parva. In: Dolan TT (ed): Theileriosis in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop on East Coast Fever Immunization, Held in Lilongwe, Malawi, 20–22 September, 1988. Nairobi: The International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1989, pp 42–44.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dolan TT, Teale AJ, Stagg DA, et al: A histocompatibility barrier to immunization against East Coast fever using Theileria parva-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. Parasite Immunol 1984; 6: 243–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dolan TT: Chemotherapy of East Coast fever: the long-term weight changes, carrier state and disease manifestations of parvaquone treated cattle. J Comp Pathol 1986; 96: 137–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dolan TT: Immunization to control East Coast fever. Parasitol Today 1987; 3: 4–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dolan TT: Theileriosis: a comprehensive review. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epizoot 1989; 8: 11–36.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Emery DL, Morrison WI: Generation of autologous mixed leukocyte reactions during the course of infection with Theileria parva (East Coast fever) in cattle. Immunology 1980; 40: 229–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Emery DL: Adoptive transfer of immunity to infection with Theileria parva (East Coast fever) between cattle twins. Res Vet Sci 1981; 30: 364–367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Emery DL, Eugui EM, Nelson RT, Tenywa T: Cell-mediated immune responses to Theileria parva (East Coast fever) during immunisation and lethal infections in cattle. Immunology 1981; 43: 323–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Emery DL, Tenywa T, Jack RM: Characterisation of the effector cell that mediates cytotoxicity against Theileria parva (East Coast fever) in immune cattle. Infect Immun 1981; 32: 1301–1304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ennis PD, Jackson AP, Parkham P: Molecular cloning of bovine class I MHC cDNA. J Immunol 1988; 141: 642–651.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Eugui EM, Emery DL: Genetically restricted cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cattle immune to Theileria parva. Nature (London) 1981; 290: 251–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Fawcett DW, Buscher G, Doxsey S: Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. III. The ultrastructure of sporogony in Theileria parva. Tissue Cell 1982; 14: 183–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fawcett D, Musoke A, Voigt W: Interaction of sporozoites of Theileria parva with bovine lymphocytes in vitro. I. Early events after invasion. Tissue Cell 1984; 16: 873–884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gray MA, Brown CGD: In vitro neutralisation of theilerial sporozoite infectivity with immune serum. In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS (eds): Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981, pp 127–129.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Glascodine J, Tetley L, Tait A, et al: Developmental expression of a Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1990; 40: 105–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Goddeeris BM, Morrison WI: Techniques for the generation, cloning and characterisation of bovine cytotoxic T cells specific for the protozoan Theileria parva. J Tissue Culture Methods 1988; 11: 101–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Goddeeris BM, Morrison WI, Teale AJ: Generation of bovine cytotoxic cell lines specific for cell infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva and restricted by products of the major histocompatibility complex. Eur J Immunol 1986; 16: 1243–1249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Goddeeris BM, Morrison WI, Toye PG, Bishop R: Strain specificity of bovine Theileria parva-specific cytotoxic T cells is determined by the phenotype of the restricting class I MHC. Immunlogy 1990; 69: 38–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hall FR: Antigens and Immunity in Theileria annulata. Parasitol Today 1988; 4: 257–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hashemi-Fesharki R: Control of Theileria annulata in Iran. Parasitol Today 1988; 4: 36–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hulliger L, Wilde JKH, Brown CGD, Turner L: Mode of multiplication of Theileria in cultures of bovine lymphocytic cells. Nature (London) 1964; 203: 728–730.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Innes EA, Millar P, Brown CGD, Spooner RL: The development and specificity of cytotoxic cells in cattle immunised with autologous or allogeneic Theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. Parasite Immunol 1989; 11: 57–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Irvin AD, Dobbelaere DAE, Mwamachi EM, et al. Immunisation against East Coast fever: Correlation between monoclonal antibody profiles of Theileria parva stocks, and cross immunity in vivo. Res Vet Sci 1983; 35: 341–346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Irvin AD: Characterization of species and strains of Theileria. Adv Parasitol 1987; 26: 145–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Jarrett WFH, Crighton GW, Pirie HM: Theileria parva: Kinetics of replication. Exp Parasitol 1969; 24: 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lawerence JA, Foggin CM, Norval RAI: The effects of war on the control of diseases of livestock in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Vet Rec 1980; 107: 82–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Malmquist WA, Nyindo MBA, Brown CGD: East Coast fever: Cultivation in vitro of bovine spleen cell lines infected and transformed by Theileria parva. Trop Anim Health Prod 1971; 2: 139–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. McHardy N, Haigh AJB, Dolan TT: Chemotherapy of Theileria parva infection. Nature (London) 1976; 261: 698–699.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. McHardy N: Buparvaquone, the new antitheilerial: A review of its efficacy and safety. In: Dolan TT (ed): Theileriosis in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop on East Coast Fever Immunization, Held in Lilongwe, Malawi, 20–22 September 1988. Nairobi: The International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1989, pp 158–165.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Mehlhorn H, Schein E: The piroplasms: Life cycle and sexual stages. Adv Parasitol 1984; 23: 37–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Melrose TR, Brown CGD: Isoenzyme variation in piroplasms isolated from bovine blood infected with Theileria parva and T. annulata. Res Vet Sci 1979; 27: 379–381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Moll G, Agan L, Lohding A: Bovine cerebral theileriosis in pure Boran and Sahiwal-cross cattle immunized against East Coast fever and kept under continuous field challenges. In: Irvin AD (ed): Immunization against Theileriosis in Africa. Proceedings of a Joint Workshop, Sponsored by the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, and The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Nairobi: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1985, pp 69–72.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Moll G, Lohding A, Young AS, Leitch BL: Epidemiology of theileriosis in calves in an endemic area of Kenya. Vet Parasitol 1986; 19: 255–273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Morrison LA, Lukacher AE, Braciale VL, et al: Differences in antigen presentation to MHC class I and class II-restricted influenza virus-specific cytolytic T cell clones. J Exp Med 1986; 163: 903–921.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Morrison WI, Goddeeris BM, Teale AJ, et al: Cell mediated immune responses of cattle to Theileria parva. Immunol Today 1986; 7: 211–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Morrison WI, Goddeeris BM, Teale AJ, et al: Cytotoxic T cells elicited in cattle challenged with Theileria parva (Muguga): Evidence for restriction by class I MHC determinants and parasite strain specificity. Parasite Immunol 1987; 9: 563–578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Morrison WI, Goddeeris BM, Teale AJ: Bovine cytotoxic T cell clones which recognise lymphoblasts infected with two antigenically different stocks of the protozoan parasite Theileria parva. Eur J Immunol 1987; 17: 1703–1709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Morzaria SP, Spooner PR, Bishop RP, et al: SfiI and NotI polymorphisms in Theileria stocks detected by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1990; 40: 203–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Muhammed SI, Lauerman LH, Johnson LW: Effect of humoral antibodies on the course of Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever) of cattle. Am J Vet Res 1975; 36: 399–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Musoke AJ, Nantulya VM, Buscher G, et al: Bovine immune response to Theileria parva: Neutralising antibodies to sporozoites. Immunology 1982; 45: 663–668.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Musoke AJ, Nantulya VM, Rurangirwa FR, Buscher G: Evidence for a common protective antigenic determinant on sporozoites of several Theileria parva strains. Immunology 1984; 52: 231–238.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Musoke AJ, Morzaria SP, Nkonge C, Jones E, Nene V: A recombinant sporozoite surface antigen of Theileria parva induces protection in cattle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 514–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mutugi JJ, Young AS, Lampard D, et al. Immunization of cattle against East coast fever in the coast province of Kenya: Pilot immunization trials on government farms. In: Dolan TT (ed): Theileriosis in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop on East Coast Fever Immunisation Held in Lilongwe, Malawi, 20–22 September 1988. Nairobi: International laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, 1989, pp 68–70.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Nene V, Iams K, Gobright E, Musoke AJ: Characterisation of the gene encoding a candidate vaccine antigen of Theileria parva sporozoites. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992; 51: 17–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. OIE Theileriosis, Manual of Recommended Diagnostic Techniques and Requirements for Biological Products, Vol. III. Paris: Office International des Epizooties, pp 1/16–16/16.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Pearson TW, Lundin LB, Dolan TT, Stagg DA: Cell-mediated immunity to Theileria-transformed cells. Nature (London) 1979; 281: 678–680.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Pipano E: Immunological aspects of Theileria annulata infection. Bull Off Int Epizoot 1974; 81: 139–159.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Pipano E: Basic principles of Theileria annulata control. In: Henson JB, Campbell M (eds): Theileriosis. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1977, pp 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pipano E: Schizonts and tick stages in immunization against Theileria annulata infection. In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS (eds): Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981, pp 242–252.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Pipano E: Bovine theileriosis in Israel. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz 1989; 8: 79–87.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Preston PM: The role of macrophages in protective immunity and immunosuppression in bovine theileriosis. In: Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981, pp 354–356.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Preston PM, Brown CGD, Spooner RL: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in Theileria annulata infection with evidence for BoLA restriction. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 53: 88–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Preston PM, McDougall C, Wilkie G, et al: Specific lysis of Theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cells by a monoclonal antibody recognising an infection-associated antigen. Parasite Immunol 1986; 8: 369–380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Preston PM, Brown CGD: Macrophage-mediated cytostasis and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cattle immunised with Theileria annulata sporozoites or macroschizont-infected cell lines. Parasite Immunol 1988; 10: 631–647.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Purnell RE, Joyner LP: The development of Theileria parva in the salivary glands of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Parasitology 1968; 58: 725–732.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Radley DE: Infection and treatment immunization against theileriosis. In: Advances in the control of theileriosis. In: Irvin AD, Cunningham MP, Young AS (eds): Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981, 227–237.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Radley DE, Brown CGD, Burridge MJ, et al: East Coast fever: Quantitative studies of Theileria parva in cattle. Exp Parasitol 1974; 36: 278–287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Radley DE, Brown CGD, Cunningham MP, et al: East Coast fever. 3. Chemoprophylactic immunization of cattle using oxytetracycline and a combination of theilerial strains. Vet Parasitol 1975; 1: 51–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Sadoff JC, Ballou WR, Baron LS, et al: Oral Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing circumsporozoite protein protects against malaria. Science 1988; 240: 336–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Schein E, Voigt WP: Chemotherapy of bovine theileriosis with halofuginone. Acta Trop 1976; 36: 391–394.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sergent E, Danatien A, Parrot L, et al: Les piroplasmoses bovines. Arch Inst Pasteur Algerie 1924; 2: 64.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Shaw MK, Tilney LG, Musoke AJ: The entry of Theileria parva sporozoites into lymphocytes: Evidence for MHC class I involvement. J Cell Biol 1991; 113: 87–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Shiels B, Hall R, Glascodine J, et al: Characterisation of surface polypeptides on different life-cycle stages of Theileria annulata. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1989; 34: 209–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Spooner RL, Inns EA, Glass EJ, et al: Bovine mononuclear cell lines transformed by Theileria parva or Theileria annulata express different subpopulation markers. Parasite Immunol 1988; 10: 619–629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Spreull J: East Coast fever inoculation in the Transkeian Territories, South Africa. J Comp Pathol Ther 1914; 27: 299–304.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Stagg DA, Dolan TT, Leitch BL, Young AS: The initial stages of infection of cattle cells with Theileria parva sporozoites in vitro. Parasitology 1981; 83: 191–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stobbs TH: The introduction of Boran cattle into an E.C.F. endemic area. East Africa Agric Forestry J 1966; 31: 298–304.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Sugimoto C, Conrad PA, Mutharia L, et al: Phenotypic characterisation of Theileria parva schizonts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Parasitol Res 1989; 76: 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Theiler A: Experiments with serum against East Coast fever. J Trop Vet Sci 1907; 2: 249–260.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Townsend ARM, McMichael AJ: Specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus. Studies in mice and humans. In: de Vries RRP, Van Rood JJ (eds): Immunobiology of HLA Class I and Class II Molecules. Progress in Allergy, Vol. 36. Basel: Karger, 1985, pp 10–13.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  96. Townsend ARM, Rothbard J, Gotch FM, et al: The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognised by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides. Cell 1986; 44: 959–968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Toye PG, MacHugh ND, Bensaid AM, et al: Transfection into mouse L cells of genes encoding two serologically and functionally distinct bovine class I molecules from an MHC-homozygous animal. Evidence for a second class I locus in cattle. Immunology 1990; 70: 20–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Tsur I: Multiplication in vitro of Koch bodies of Theileria annulata. Nature (London) 1945; 156: 391.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Vitiello A, Sherman LA: Recognition of influenza-infected cells by cytolytic T lymphocyte clones: determinant selection by class I restriction elements. J Immunol 1983; 131: 1635–1640.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Wagner GG, Duffus WPH, Burridge MJ: The specific immunoglobulin response in cattle immunised with isolated Theileria parva antigens. Parasitology 1974; 69: 43–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Waweru-Kinuthia S: Expression of parasite specific receptors on bovine leukocyte target cells for Theileria sporozoite binding. Thesis (Ph.D.), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Wilde JKH: East Coast fever. Adv Vet Sci 1967; 11: 207–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Williamson S, Tait A, Brown CGD, et al: Theileria annulata sporozoite surface antigen expressed in E. coli elicits neutralising antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 4639–4643.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Wilson SG: An experimental study of East Coast fever in Uganda. 1. A study of the type of East Coast fever reactions produced when the number of infected ticks is controlled. Parasitology 1950; 40: 195–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Young AS, Leitch BL, Mutugi JJ: Some factors controlling the stimulation of sporogony of Theileria parva in tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Int J Parasitol 1984; 14: 97–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Zinkernagel RM, Doherty, PC: MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells: studies on the biological role of polymorphic transplantation antigens determining T cell restriction specificity function and responsiveness. Adv Immunol 1979; 27: 51–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dolan, T.T., McKeever, D.J. (1993). Current and Future Vaccines against Theileriosis. In: Pandey, R., Höglund, S., Prasad, G. (eds) Veterinary Vaccines. Progress in Vaccinology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9226-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9226-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9228-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9226-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics